Как пишется республика коми на английском языке

Komi Republic

Republic
Республика Коми
Other transcription(s)
 • Komi Коми Республика

Flag of Komi Republic

Flag

Coat of arms of Komi Republic

Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Komi Republic[3]
Map of Russia - Komi (Crimea disputed).svg
Coordinates: 64°17′N 54°28′E / 64.283°N 54.467°ECoordinates: 64°17′N 54°28′E / 64.283°N 54.467°E
Country Russia
Federal district Northwestern[1]
Economic region Northern[2]
Capital Syktyvkar[4]
Government
 • Body State Council[5]
 • Head[5] Vladimir Uyba[6]
Area

[7]
 • Total 415,900 km2 (160,600 sq mi)
 • Rank 13th
Population

 (2010 Census)[8]
 • Total 901,189
 • Estimate 

(2018)[9]

 840,873 (−6.7%)
 • Rank 58th
 • Density 2.2/km2 (5.6/sq mi)
 • Urban 76.9%
 • Rural 23.1%
Time zone UTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[10])
ISO 3166 code RU-KO
License plates 11
OKTMO ID 87000000
Official languages Russian;[11] Komi[12]
Website http://www.rkomi.ru

The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi,[14] is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar. The population of the republic as of the 2010 Census was 901,189.[8]

History[edit]

Map of the Komi Republic.

The Komi people first feature in the records of the Novgorod Republic in the 12th century, when East Slavic traders from Novgorod traveled to the Perm region in search of furs and animal hides.
The Komi territories came under the influence of Muscovy in the late Middle Ages (late 15th to early 16th centuries). The site of Syktyvkar, settled from the 16th century, was known as Sysolskoye (Сысольскoe). In 1780, under Catherine the Great, it was renamed to Ust-Sysolsk (Усть-Сысольск) and used as a penal colony.

Russians explored the Komi territory most extensively in the 19th and early 20th centuries, starting with the expedition led by Alexander von Keyserling in 1843. They found ample reservoirs of various minerals, as well as timber, to exploit. After the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast was established on August 22, 1921,[15] and on December 5, 1936, it was reorganized into the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with its administrative center located at the town of Syktyvkar.

Many of the «settlers» who arrived in the early 20th century were prisoners of the Gulag – sent by the hundreds of thousands to perform forced labor in the Arctic regions of the USSR. Towns sprang up around labor-camp sites, which gangs of prisoners initially carved out of the untouched tundra and taiga. The first mine, «Rudnik No. 1», became the city of Vorkuta, and other towns of the region have similar origins: «Prisoners planned and built all of the republic’s major cities, not just Ukhta but also Syktyvkar, Pechora, Vorkuta, and Inta. Prisoners built Komi’s railways and roads, as well as its original industrial infrastructure.»[16] On 21 March 1996, the Komi Republic signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy.[17] The agreement was abolished on 20 May 2002.[18]

Geography[edit]

The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain. The Polar Urals rise in the northeastern part.[19] Forests cover over 70% of the territory, and swamps cover approximately 15%. The Komi Republic is the second-largest federal region by area in European Russia after Arkhangelsk Oblast.

  • Area: 415,900 square kilometers (160,600 sq mi)
  • Borders (all internal): Nenets (NW/N), Yamalo-Nenets (NE/E), Khanty–Mansi (E), Sverdlovsk (SE), Perm Krai (S), Kirov (S/SW), and Arkhangelsk (W).
  • Highest point: Mount Narodnaya (1,894 m)
  • Maximum N→S distance: 785 kilometers (488 mi)
  • Maximum E→W distance: 695 kilometers (432 mi)

Rivers[edit]

Major rivers include:

  • Izhma River
  • Mezen River
  • Pechora River
  • Sysola River
  • Usa River
  • Vashka River
  • Vychegda River
  • Vym River

Lakes[edit]

There are many lakes in the republic. Major lakes include:

  • Sindorskoye Lake
  • Yam-Ozero Lake

Natural resources[edit]

The Vym River, Komi Republic, Russia.

The republic’s natural resources include coal, oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, and timber.[20][21] Native reindeer are in abundance and have been intentionally bred for human usage by the indigenous population.[citation needed]

Around 32,800 km2 of mostly boreal forest (as well as some alpine tundra and meadows) in the Republic’s Northern Ural Mountains have been recognized in 1995 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Virgin Komi Forests. It is the first natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in Russia and the largest expanse of virgin forests in Europe. The site includes two pre-existing protected areas: Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (created in 1930) and Yugyd Va National Park (created in 1994).

Climate[edit]

Winters in the republic are long and cold, and the summers, while short, are quite warm.

  • Average January temperature: −17 °C (1 °F) (southern parts) to −20 °C (−4 °F) (northern parts)
  • Average July temperature: 11 °C (52 °F) (northern parts) to 15 °C (59 °F) (southern parts)
  • Lowest recorded temperature: −58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) (village of Ust-Shchuger)
  • Average annual precipitation: 625 mm (24.6 in)

Manpupuner and the 7 Strong Men rock formations[edit]

Deemed one of the Seven Wonders of Russia, the Komi Republic is home to Manpupuner (Man-Pupu-Nyer), a mysterious site in the northern Ural mountains, in the Troitsko-Pechorsky District, made out of seven rock towers bursting out of the flat plateau known as the «7 Strong Men». Manpupuner is a very popular attraction in Russia, but not on an international level. Information regarding its origin is scarce. However, it is known that their height and abnormal shapes make the top of these rock giants inaccessible even to experienced rock-climbers.

Administrative divisions[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

Population: 901,189 (2010 Census);[8] 1,018,674 (2002 Census);[22] 1,261,024 (1989 Census).[23]

17-12-1926 17-01-1939 17-01-1959 15-01-1970 17-01-1979 17-01-1989 09-10-2002 14-10-2010
Total population 207,314 318,996 806,199 964,802 1,110,361 1,250,847 1,018,674 901,189
Average annual population growth +1.7% +1.6% +1.3% -1.6% -1.5%
Males 46% 49% 52% 50% 51% 50% 48%
Females 54% 51% 48% 50% 49% 50% 52%
Females per 1000 males
Proportion urban 4.4% 9.1% 59.4% 61.9% 70.8% 75.5% 75.3%
Territory (km2) 434,150 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900
Population density/km2 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.2

Settlements[edit]

Largest cities or towns in the Komi Republic

2010 Russian Census
Rank Administrative Division Pop.
Ukhta
Ukhta 		1 Syktyvkar City of republic significance of Syktyvkar 235,006 Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Pechora
Pechora
2 Ukhta Town of republic significance of Ukhta 99,591
3 Vorkuta Town of republic significance of Vorkuta 70,548
4 Pechora Town of republic significance of Pechora 43,105
5 Usinsk Town of republic significance of Usinsk 40,827
6 Inta Town of republic significance of Inta 32,080
7 Sosnogorsk Town of republic significance of Sosnogorsk 27,757
8 Yemva Knyazhpogostsky District 14,570
9 Vuktyl Town of republic significance of Vuktyl 12,356
10 Mikun Ust-Vymsky District 10,730

Vital statistics[edit]

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1920 4 760 4 353 407
1930 10 256 6 574 3 682
1940 14 976 12 134 2 842
1945 6 432 6 185 247
1950 534 20 087 6 002 14 085 37.6 11.2 26.4
1960 836 25 578 5 010 20 568 30.6 6.0 24.6
1965 938 18 956 5 241 13 715 20.2 5.6 14.6
1970 970 16 462 6 276 10 186 17.0 6.5 10.5
1975 1 044 18 899 7 284 11 615 18.1 7.0 11.1
1980 1 137 20 685 9 169 11 516 18.2 8.1 10.1
1981 1 153 21 244 9 103 12 141 18.4 7.9 10.5
1982 1 169 23 420 8 758 14 662 20.0 7.5 12.5
1983 1 185 23 806 9 250 14 556 20.1 7.8 12.3
1984 1 199 24 217 9 486 14 731 20.2 7.9 12.3
1985 1 213 23 303 9 334 13 969 19.2 7.7 11.5
1986 1 228 24 176 8 112 16 064 19.7 6.6 13.1
1987 1 242 23 616 8 544 15 072 19.0 6.9 12.1
1988 1 256 20 916 8 930 11 986 16.7 7.1 9.5
1989 1 256 18 481 8 857 9 624 14.7 7.1 7.7
1990 1 244 16 930 9 321 7 609 13.6 7.5 6.1 1.873
1991 1 231 15 589 9 665 5 924 12.7 7.9 4.8
1992 1 214 13 880 11 426 2 454 11.4 9.4 2.0
1993 1 199 12 158 14 642 — 2 484 10.1 12.2 — 2.1
1994 1 174 11 835 16 074 — 4 239 10.1 13.7 — 3.6
1995 1 145 11 105 15 057 — 3 952 9.7 13.2 — 3.5 1.317
1996 1 124 10 900 13 674 — 2 774 9.7 12.2 — 2.5
1997 1 106 10 388 12 244 — 1 856 9.4 11.1 — 1.7
1998 1 087 10 793 11 545 — 752 9.9 10.6 — 0.7
1999 1 068 9 680 12 253 — 2 573 9.1 11.5 — 2.4
2000 1 050 9 906 13 594 — 3 688 9.4 12.9 — 3.5 1.219
2001 1 036 10 325 13 968 — 3 643 10.0 13.5 — 3.5 1.272
2002 1 021 11 177 15 265 — 4 088 10.9 15.0 — 4.0 1.374
2003 1 004 11 462 15 810 — 4 348 11.4 15.8 — 4.3 1.401
2004 987 11 489 15 210 — 3 721 11.6 15.4 — 3.8 1.397
2005 971 10 975 15 074 — 4 099 11.3 15.5 — 4.2 1.332
2006 955 10 872 13 519 — 2 647 11.4 14.1 — 2.8 1.318
2007 941 11 523 12 304 — 781 12.2 13.1 — 0.8 1.406
2008 928 11 719 12 270 — 551 12.6 13.2 — 0.6 1.452
2009 916 11 868 12 182 — 314 13.0 13.3 — 0.3 1.62
2010 903 11 648 11 819 — 171 12.9 13.1 — 0.2 1.63
2011 11 715 11 097 + 443 13.0 12.4 + 0.6 1.71
2012 890 12 418 10 830 + 1 588 14.0 12.2 + 1.8 1.88
2013 876 12 436 10 484 + 1 952 14.2 12.0 + 2.2 1.96
2014 868 12 291 10 621 + 1 670 14.2 12.2 + 2.0 2.01
2015 861 11 797 10 666 + 1 131 13.6 12.3 + 1.3 2.00
2016 854 11 239 10 523 + 716 13.1 12.3 + 0.8 1.97
2017 845 9 766 9 958 — 192 11.5 11.8 — 0.3 1.78

Regional vital statistics for 2011[edit]

Source:[24]

District Birth Rate Death Rate Natural Growth Rate Russians as % of Pop Native Komi and Nenets as % of Pop
Komi Republic 13.0 12.4 Increase0.06% 96.05% 3.95%
Syktyvkar 12.5 10.2 Increase0.23% 97.61% 2.39%
Vorkuta 11.8 9.7 Increase0.21% 92.33% 7.67%
Vuktyl 11.2 12.6 Decrease-0.14% 95.27% 4.73%
Inta 11.1 12.6 Decrease-0.15% 95.40% 4.60%
Pechora 13.0 13.6 Decrease-0.06% 96.89% 3.11%
Sosnogorsk 12.6 14.4 Decrease-0.18% 97.02% 2.98%
Usinsk 14.7 9.0 Increase0.57% 86.04% 13.96%
Ukhta 11.0 10.7 Increase0.03% 96.20% 3.80%
Izhemsky 19.1 18.8 Increase0.03% 99.62% 0.38%
Knyazhpogostsky 11.6 15.9 Decrease-0.43% 95.50% 4.50%
Koygorodsky 16.2 18.3 Decrease-0.21% 97.89% 2.11%
Kortkerossky 16.9 18.6 Decrease-0.17% 98.86% 1.14%
Priluzsky 15.6 18.4 Decrease-0.28% 98.98% 1.02%
Syktyvdinsky 17.3 13.3 Increase0.40% 98.11% 1.89%
Sysolsky 16.4 17.6 Decrease-0.12% 98.37% 1.63%
Troitsko-Pechorsky 14.0 17.9 Decrease-0.39% 97.80% 2.20%
Udorsky 15.6 13.1 Increase0.25% 95.33% 4.67%
Ust-Vymsky 12.0 15.8 Decrease-0.38% 96.48% 3.52%
Ust-Kulomsky 19.2 18.9 Increase0.03% 98.96% 1.04%
Ust-Tsilemsky 16.1 15.4 Increase0.07% 99.62% 0.38%

Ethnic groups[edit]

According to the 2010 Census,[8] ethnic Russians make up 65.1% of the republic’s population, while the ethnic Komi make up 23.7%. Other groups include Ukrainians (4.2%), Tatars (1.3%), Belarusians (1%), Ethnic Germans (0.6%), Chuvash (0.6%), Azeris (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic
group 		1926 census
(1926 territory)1 		1926 census
(present territory) 		1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census 2010 census2 2021 census
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Komi 191,245 92.2% 195,400 86.9% 231,301 72.5% 245,074 30.4% 276,178 28.6% 280,798 25.3% 291,542 23.3% 256,464 25.2% 202,348 23.7% 127,350 22.3%
Russians 13,731 6.6% 28,300 12.6% 70,226 22.0% 389,995 48.4% 512,203 53.1% 629,523 56.7% 721,780 57.7% 607,021 59.6% 555,963 65.1% 398,547 69.7%
Ukrainians 34 0.0% 200 0.1% 6,010 1.9% 80,132 9.9% 82,955 8.6% 94,154 8.5% 104,170 8.3% 62,115 6.1% 36,082 4.2% 11,041 1.9%
Nenets 2,080 1.0% 1,000 0.4% 508 0.2% 374 0.0% 369 0.0% 366 0.0% 376 0.0% 708 0.1% 215 0.0%
Tatars 33 0.0% 709 0.2% 8,459 1.0% 11,906 1.2% 17,836 1.6% 25,980 2.1% 15,680 1.5% 10,779 1.3% 4,083 0.7%
Belarusians 11 0.0% 3,323 1.0% 22,339 2.8% 24,706 2.6% 24,763 2.2% 26,730 2.1% 15,212 1.5% 8,859 1.0% 2,639 0.5%
Others 180 0.1% 6,919 2.2% 59,826 7.4% 56,485 5.9% 62,921 5.7% 80,269 6.4% 61,474 6.0% 40,272 4.7% 39,564 4.6% 28,008 4.9%
1 The territory of the Komi AO was different from the Komi Republic.

2 Excluding 46,886 people who were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[25]

Religion[edit]

According to a 2012 survey,[26] 30.2% of the population of Komi adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Rodnovers or Komi native religious believers, 1% are Muslims, 1% are Orthodox Christians not belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 1% are Old Believers, and 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 41% of the population declared to be «spiritual but not religious», 14% is atheist, and 6.4% follows other religions or failed to answer the question.[26]

Education[edit]

There are over 450 secondary schools in the republic (with ~180,000 students). The most important higher education facilities include Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Administration, Syktyvkar State University and Ukhta State Technical University.

Politics[edit]

The head of government in the Komi Republic is the Head of the Republic. As of 2021, the current Head is Vladimir Uyba who took office after his predecessor Sergey Gaplikov resigned.

The State Council is the legislature.

Economy[edit]

The Komi Republic’s major industries include oil processing, timber, woodworking, natural gas and electric power industries. Major industrial centers are Syktyvkar, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

Komigaz conducts natural gas transportation and distribution.

Transportation[edit]

Railroad transportation is very well developed. The most important railroad line is Kotlas–Vorkuta–Salekhard, which is used to ship most goods in and out of the republic. The rivers Vychegda and Pechora are navigable. There are airports in Syktyvkar, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

In 1997, total railroad trackage was 1,708 km, automobile roads 4,677 km.

Sports[edit]

Stroitel plays again in the Russian Bandy Super League in the 2017–18 season, after several years in Russian Bandy Supreme League, the second highest division. In 2015 a bandy federation for the republic was founded.[28] In 2016 the authorities presented a five-year plan to develop bandy in the republic.[1] There is an application in place to host the 2021 Bandy World Championship.[29]

See also[edit]

  • Komi-Permyak Okrug
  • Komi mythology
  • Udoria
  • Extreme points of Europe
  • Valery Leontiev
  • List of rural localities in the Komi Republic

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: «Собрание законодательства РФ», No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Lw #XII-20/5
  4. ^ Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 69
  5. ^ a b Constitution, Article 8
  6. ^ Official website of the Komi Republic. Sergey Gaplikov Archived June 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). «Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)». Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  9. ^ «26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года». Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  10. ^ «Об исчислении времени». Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  11. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. ^ Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 67
  13. ^ Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure, p. 5
  14. ^ Komi
  15. ^ Коми Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  16. ^
    Anne Applebaum, Gulag: A History (Random House, Inc., 2004: ISBN 1-4000-3409-4), pp. 78, 82.
  17. ^ «Russia Signs Power-Sharing Treaty with Komi Republic». Jamestown. March 21, 1996. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  18. ^ Chuman, Mizuki. «The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia» (PDF). Demokratizatsiya: 146.
  19. ^ Google Earth
  20. ^ Walker, T. R., Crittenden, P. D., Dauvalter, V. A., Jones, V., Kuhry, P., Loskutova, O., … & Pystina, T. (2009). Multiple indicators of human impacts on the environment in the Pechora Basin, north-eastern European Russia. Ecological Indicators, 9(4), 765-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.008
  21. ^ Walker, T. R., Habeck, J. O., Karjalainen, T. P., Virtanen, T., Solovieva, N., Jones, V., … & Patova, E. (2006). Perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast European Russia. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 35(5), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1579/06-A-127R.1
  22. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  23. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  24. ^ «База данных показателей муниципальных образований». www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013.
  25. ^ «Перепись-2010: русских становится больше». Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
  26. ^ a b c «Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia» Archived September 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Sreda, 2012.
  27. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. «Ogonek», № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
  28. ^ «Google Translate». translate.google.co.uk.
  29. ^ «Google Translate». translate.google.co.uk. February 4, 2017.

l

Sources[edit]

  • 17 февраля 1994 г. «Конституция Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №67-РЗ от 23 октября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Коми». Вступил в силу 10 марта 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Красное знамя», №45, 10 марта 1994 г. (February 17, 1994 Constitution of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #67-RZ of October 23, 2015 On Amending the Constitution of the Komi Republic. Effective as of March 10, 1994 (with the exception of several clauses).).
  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №XII-20/5 от 6 июня 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ от 4 июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений и дополнения в Закон Республики Коми «О Государственном гимне Республики Коми»pp». Вступил в силу 11 июня 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Красное Знамя», №109, 11 июня 1994 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #XII-20/5 of June 6, 1994 On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #44-RZ of July 4, 2006 On Amending and Supplementing the Law of the Komi Republic «On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic». Effective as of June 11, 1994 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
  • «Коми АССР. Административно-территориальное деление на 1 июля 1968 г.» Коми книжное издательство. Сыктывкар, 1968. (Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure as of July 1, 1968)

Further reading[edit]

  • Pearson, M., Ojanen, P., Havimo, M., Kuuluvainen, T. & Vasander, H. (eds.) 2007. On the European Edge: Journey through Komi Nature and Culture. University of Helsinki Department of Forest Ecology Publications 36. 216 pp. ISBN 978-952-10-3898-3.
  • Strogoff, M., Brochet, P. & Auzias, D. 2005. Guidebook Komi Republic. Avant-Garde Publishers, Moscow. 176 pp. ISBN 5-86394-255-X.

External links[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Komi.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Komi.

  • (in Russian) Official site of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) All news of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) Website of Syktyvkar City — The Capital of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) Official website of the Vorkuta City
  • Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • (in Russian) Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • (in Russian) Official site of the Ukhta State Technical University
  • (in Russian) Snowboarding in Komi Republic
  • (in Russian) History Komi
  • Historic-demographic note on the Nenets of the Komi Republic
  • Virgin Komi Forests at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
Источник

Komi Republic

Republic
Республика Коми
Other transcription(s)
 • Komi Коми Республика

Flag of Komi Republic

Flag

Coat of arms of Komi Republic

Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Komi Republic[3]
Map of Russia - Komi (Crimea disputed).svg
Coordinates: 64°17′N 54°28′E / 64.283°N 54.467°ECoordinates: 64°17′N 54°28′E / 64.283°N 54.467°E
Country Russia
Federal district Northwestern[1]
Economic region Northern[2]
Capital Syktyvkar[4]
Government
 • Body State Council[5]
 • Head[5] Vladimir Uyba[6]
Area

[7]
 • Total 415,900 km2 (160,600 sq mi)
 • Rank 13th
Population

 (2010 Census)[8]
 • Total 901,189
 • Estimate 

(2018)[9]

 840,873 (−6.7%)
 • Rank 58th
 • Density 2.2/km2 (5.6/sq mi)
 • Urban 76.9%
 • Rural 23.1%
Time zone UTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[10])
ISO 3166 code RU-KO
License plates 11
OKTMO ID 87000000
Official languages Russian;[11] Komi[12]
Website http://www.rkomi.ru

The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi,[14] is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar. The population of the republic as of the 2010 Census was 901,189.[8]

History[edit]

Map of the Komi Republic.

The Komi people first feature in the records of the Novgorod Republic in the 12th century, when East Slavic traders from Novgorod traveled to the Perm region in search of furs and animal hides.
The Komi territories came under the influence of Muscovy in the late Middle Ages (late 15th to early 16th centuries). The site of Syktyvkar, settled from the 16th century, was known as Sysolskoye (Сысольскoe). In 1780, under Catherine the Great, it was renamed to Ust-Sysolsk (Усть-Сысольск) and used as a penal colony.

Russians explored the Komi territory most extensively in the 19th and early 20th centuries, starting with the expedition led by Alexander von Keyserling in 1843. They found ample reservoirs of various minerals, as well as timber, to exploit. After the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast was established on August 22, 1921,[15] and on December 5, 1936, it was reorganized into the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with its administrative center located at the town of Syktyvkar.

Many of the «settlers» who arrived in the early 20th century were prisoners of the Gulag – sent by the hundreds of thousands to perform forced labor in the Arctic regions of the USSR. Towns sprang up around labor-camp sites, which gangs of prisoners initially carved out of the untouched tundra and taiga. The first mine, «Rudnik No. 1», became the city of Vorkuta, and other towns of the region have similar origins: «Prisoners planned and built all of the republic’s major cities, not just Ukhta but also Syktyvkar, Pechora, Vorkuta, and Inta. Prisoners built Komi’s railways and roads, as well as its original industrial infrastructure.»[16] On 21 March 1996, the Komi Republic signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy.[17] The agreement was abolished on 20 May 2002.[18]

Geography[edit]

The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain. The Polar Urals rise in the northeastern part.[19] Forests cover over 70% of the territory, and swamps cover approximately 15%. The Komi Republic is the second-largest federal region by area in European Russia after Arkhangelsk Oblast.

  • Area: 415,900 square kilometers (160,600 sq mi)
  • Borders (all internal): Nenets (NW/N), Yamalo-Nenets (NE/E), Khanty–Mansi (E), Sverdlovsk (SE), Perm Krai (S), Kirov (S/SW), and Arkhangelsk (W).
  • Highest point: Mount Narodnaya (1,894 m)
  • Maximum N→S distance: 785 kilometers (488 mi)
  • Maximum E→W distance: 695 kilometers (432 mi)

Rivers[edit]

Major rivers include:

  • Izhma River
  • Mezen River
  • Pechora River
  • Sysola River
  • Usa River
  • Vashka River
  • Vychegda River
  • Vym River

Lakes[edit]

There are many lakes in the republic. Major lakes include:

  • Sindorskoye Lake
  • Yam-Ozero Lake

Natural resources[edit]

The Vym River, Komi Republic, Russia.

The republic’s natural resources include coal, oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, and timber.[20][21] Native reindeer are in abundance and have been intentionally bred for human usage by the indigenous population.[citation needed]

Around 32,800 km2 of mostly boreal forest (as well as some alpine tundra and meadows) in the Republic’s Northern Ural Mountains have been recognized in 1995 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Virgin Komi Forests. It is the first natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in Russia and the largest expanse of virgin forests in Europe. The site includes two pre-existing protected areas: Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (created in 1930) and Yugyd Va National Park (created in 1994).

Climate[edit]

Winters in the republic are long and cold, and the summers, while short, are quite warm.

  • Average January temperature: −17 °C (1 °F) (southern parts) to −20 °C (−4 °F) (northern parts)
  • Average July temperature: 11 °C (52 °F) (northern parts) to 15 °C (59 °F) (southern parts)
  • Lowest recorded temperature: −58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) (village of Ust-Shchuger)
  • Average annual precipitation: 625 mm (24.6 in)

Manpupuner and the 7 Strong Men rock formations[edit]

Deemed one of the Seven Wonders of Russia, the Komi Republic is home to Manpupuner (Man-Pupu-Nyer), a mysterious site in the northern Ural mountains, in the Troitsko-Pechorsky District, made out of seven rock towers bursting out of the flat plateau known as the «7 Strong Men». Manpupuner is a very popular attraction in Russia, but not on an international level. Information regarding its origin is scarce. However, it is known that their height and abnormal shapes make the top of these rock giants inaccessible even to experienced rock-climbers.

Administrative divisions[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

Population: 901,189 (2010 Census);[8] 1,018,674 (2002 Census);[22] 1,261,024 (1989 Census).[23]

17-12-1926 17-01-1939 17-01-1959 15-01-1970 17-01-1979 17-01-1989 09-10-2002 14-10-2010
Total population 207,314 318,996 806,199 964,802 1,110,361 1,250,847 1,018,674 901,189
Average annual population growth +1.7% +1.6% +1.3% -1.6% -1.5%
Males 46% 49% 52% 50% 51% 50% 48%
Females 54% 51% 48% 50% 49% 50% 52%
Females per 1000 males
Proportion urban 4.4% 9.1% 59.4% 61.9% 70.8% 75.5% 75.3%
Territory (km2) 434,150 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900
Population density/km2 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.2

Settlements[edit]

Largest cities or towns in the Komi Republic

2010 Russian Census
Rank Administrative Division Pop.
Ukhta
Ukhta 		1 Syktyvkar City of republic significance of Syktyvkar 235,006 Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Pechora
Pechora
2 Ukhta Town of republic significance of Ukhta 99,591
3 Vorkuta Town of republic significance of Vorkuta 70,548
4 Pechora Town of republic significance of Pechora 43,105
5 Usinsk Town of republic significance of Usinsk 40,827
6 Inta Town of republic significance of Inta 32,080
7 Sosnogorsk Town of republic significance of Sosnogorsk 27,757
8 Yemva Knyazhpogostsky District 14,570
9 Vuktyl Town of republic significance of Vuktyl 12,356
10 Mikun Ust-Vymsky District 10,730

Vital statistics[edit]

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1920 4 760 4 353 407
1930 10 256 6 574 3 682
1940 14 976 12 134 2 842
1945 6 432 6 185 247
1950 534 20 087 6 002 14 085 37.6 11.2 26.4
1960 836 25 578 5 010 20 568 30.6 6.0 24.6
1965 938 18 956 5 241 13 715 20.2 5.6 14.6
1970 970 16 462 6 276 10 186 17.0 6.5 10.5
1975 1 044 18 899 7 284 11 615 18.1 7.0 11.1
1980 1 137 20 685 9 169 11 516 18.2 8.1 10.1
1981 1 153 21 244 9 103 12 141 18.4 7.9 10.5
1982 1 169 23 420 8 758 14 662 20.0 7.5 12.5
1983 1 185 23 806 9 250 14 556 20.1 7.8 12.3
1984 1 199 24 217 9 486 14 731 20.2 7.9 12.3
1985 1 213 23 303 9 334 13 969 19.2 7.7 11.5
1986 1 228 24 176 8 112 16 064 19.7 6.6 13.1
1987 1 242 23 616 8 544 15 072 19.0 6.9 12.1
1988 1 256 20 916 8 930 11 986 16.7 7.1 9.5
1989 1 256 18 481 8 857 9 624 14.7 7.1 7.7
1990 1 244 16 930 9 321 7 609 13.6 7.5 6.1 1.873
1991 1 231 15 589 9 665 5 924 12.7 7.9 4.8
1992 1 214 13 880 11 426 2 454 11.4 9.4 2.0
1993 1 199 12 158 14 642 — 2 484 10.1 12.2 — 2.1
1994 1 174 11 835 16 074 — 4 239 10.1 13.7 — 3.6
1995 1 145 11 105 15 057 — 3 952 9.7 13.2 — 3.5 1.317
1996 1 124 10 900 13 674 — 2 774 9.7 12.2 — 2.5
1997 1 106 10 388 12 244 — 1 856 9.4 11.1 — 1.7
1998 1 087 10 793 11 545 — 752 9.9 10.6 — 0.7
1999 1 068 9 680 12 253 — 2 573 9.1 11.5 — 2.4
2000 1 050 9 906 13 594 — 3 688 9.4 12.9 — 3.5 1.219
2001 1 036 10 325 13 968 — 3 643 10.0 13.5 — 3.5 1.272
2002 1 021 11 177 15 265 — 4 088 10.9 15.0 — 4.0 1.374
2003 1 004 11 462 15 810 — 4 348 11.4 15.8 — 4.3 1.401
2004 987 11 489 15 210 — 3 721 11.6 15.4 — 3.8 1.397
2005 971 10 975 15 074 — 4 099 11.3 15.5 — 4.2 1.332
2006 955 10 872 13 519 — 2 647 11.4 14.1 — 2.8 1.318
2007 941 11 523 12 304 — 781 12.2 13.1 — 0.8 1.406
2008 928 11 719 12 270 — 551 12.6 13.2 — 0.6 1.452
2009 916 11 868 12 182 — 314 13.0 13.3 — 0.3 1.62
2010 903 11 648 11 819 — 171 12.9 13.1 — 0.2 1.63
2011 11 715 11 097 + 443 13.0 12.4 + 0.6 1.71
2012 890 12 418 10 830 + 1 588 14.0 12.2 + 1.8 1.88
2013 876 12 436 10 484 + 1 952 14.2 12.0 + 2.2 1.96
2014 868 12 291 10 621 + 1 670 14.2 12.2 + 2.0 2.01
2015 861 11 797 10 666 + 1 131 13.6 12.3 + 1.3 2.00
2016 854 11 239 10 523 + 716 13.1 12.3 + 0.8 1.97
2017 845 9 766 9 958 — 192 11.5 11.8 — 0.3 1.78

Regional vital statistics for 2011[edit]

Source:[24]

District Birth Rate Death Rate Natural Growth Rate Russians as % of Pop Native Komi and Nenets as % of Pop
Komi Republic 13.0 12.4 Increase0.06% 96.05% 3.95%
Syktyvkar 12.5 10.2 Increase0.23% 97.61% 2.39%
Vorkuta 11.8 9.7 Increase0.21% 92.33% 7.67%
Vuktyl 11.2 12.6 Decrease-0.14% 95.27% 4.73%
Inta 11.1 12.6 Decrease-0.15% 95.40% 4.60%
Pechora 13.0 13.6 Decrease-0.06% 96.89% 3.11%
Sosnogorsk 12.6 14.4 Decrease-0.18% 97.02% 2.98%
Usinsk 14.7 9.0 Increase0.57% 86.04% 13.96%
Ukhta 11.0 10.7 Increase0.03% 96.20% 3.80%
Izhemsky 19.1 18.8 Increase0.03% 99.62% 0.38%
Knyazhpogostsky 11.6 15.9 Decrease-0.43% 95.50% 4.50%
Koygorodsky 16.2 18.3 Decrease-0.21% 97.89% 2.11%
Kortkerossky 16.9 18.6 Decrease-0.17% 98.86% 1.14%
Priluzsky 15.6 18.4 Decrease-0.28% 98.98% 1.02%
Syktyvdinsky 17.3 13.3 Increase0.40% 98.11% 1.89%
Sysolsky 16.4 17.6 Decrease-0.12% 98.37% 1.63%
Troitsko-Pechorsky 14.0 17.9 Decrease-0.39% 97.80% 2.20%
Udorsky 15.6 13.1 Increase0.25% 95.33% 4.67%
Ust-Vymsky 12.0 15.8 Decrease-0.38% 96.48% 3.52%
Ust-Kulomsky 19.2 18.9 Increase0.03% 98.96% 1.04%
Ust-Tsilemsky 16.1 15.4 Increase0.07% 99.62% 0.38%

Ethnic groups[edit]

According to the 2010 Census,[8] ethnic Russians make up 65.1% of the republic’s population, while the ethnic Komi make up 23.7%. Other groups include Ukrainians (4.2%), Tatars (1.3%), Belarusians (1%), Ethnic Germans (0.6%), Chuvash (0.6%), Azeris (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic
group 		1926 census
(1926 territory)1 		1926 census
(present territory) 		1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census 2010 census2 2021 census
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Komi 191,245 92.2% 195,400 86.9% 231,301 72.5% 245,074 30.4% 276,178 28.6% 280,798 25.3% 291,542 23.3% 256,464 25.2% 202,348 23.7% 127,350 22.3%
Russians 13,731 6.6% 28,300 12.6% 70,226 22.0% 389,995 48.4% 512,203 53.1% 629,523 56.7% 721,780 57.7% 607,021 59.6% 555,963 65.1% 398,547 69.7%
Ukrainians 34 0.0% 200 0.1% 6,010 1.9% 80,132 9.9% 82,955 8.6% 94,154 8.5% 104,170 8.3% 62,115 6.1% 36,082 4.2% 11,041 1.9%
Nenets 2,080 1.0% 1,000 0.4% 508 0.2% 374 0.0% 369 0.0% 366 0.0% 376 0.0% 708 0.1% 215 0.0%
Tatars 33 0.0% 709 0.2% 8,459 1.0% 11,906 1.2% 17,836 1.6% 25,980 2.1% 15,680 1.5% 10,779 1.3% 4,083 0.7%
Belarusians 11 0.0% 3,323 1.0% 22,339 2.8% 24,706 2.6% 24,763 2.2% 26,730 2.1% 15,212 1.5% 8,859 1.0% 2,639 0.5%
Others 180 0.1% 6,919 2.2% 59,826 7.4% 56,485 5.9% 62,921 5.7% 80,269 6.4% 61,474 6.0% 40,272 4.7% 39,564 4.6% 28,008 4.9%
1 The territory of the Komi AO was different from the Komi Republic.

2 Excluding 46,886 people who were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[25]

Religion[edit]

According to a 2012 survey,[26] 30.2% of the population of Komi adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Rodnovers or Komi native religious believers, 1% are Muslims, 1% are Orthodox Christians not belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 1% are Old Believers, and 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 41% of the population declared to be «spiritual but not religious», 14% is atheist, and 6.4% follows other religions or failed to answer the question.[26]

Education[edit]

There are over 450 secondary schools in the republic (with ~180,000 students). The most important higher education facilities include Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Administration, Syktyvkar State University and Ukhta State Technical University.

Politics[edit]

The head of government in the Komi Republic is the Head of the Republic. As of 2021, the current Head is Vladimir Uyba who took office after his predecessor Sergey Gaplikov resigned.

The State Council is the legislature.

Economy[edit]

The Komi Republic’s major industries include oil processing, timber, woodworking, natural gas and electric power industries. Major industrial centers are Syktyvkar, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

Komigaz conducts natural gas transportation and distribution.

Transportation[edit]

Railroad transportation is very well developed. The most important railroad line is Kotlas–Vorkuta–Salekhard, which is used to ship most goods in and out of the republic. The rivers Vychegda and Pechora are navigable. There are airports in Syktyvkar, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

In 1997, total railroad trackage was 1,708 km, automobile roads 4,677 km.

Sports[edit]

Stroitel plays again in the Russian Bandy Super League in the 2017–18 season, after several years in Russian Bandy Supreme League, the second highest division. In 2015 a bandy federation for the republic was founded.[28] In 2016 the authorities presented a five-year plan to develop bandy in the republic.[1] There is an application in place to host the 2021 Bandy World Championship.[29]

See also[edit]

  • Komi-Permyak Okrug
  • Komi mythology
  • Udoria
  • Extreme points of Europe
  • Valery Leontiev
  • List of rural localities in the Komi Republic

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: «Собрание законодательства РФ», No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Lw #XII-20/5
  4. ^ Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 69
  5. ^ a b Constitution, Article 8
  6. ^ Official website of the Komi Republic. Sergey Gaplikov Archived June 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). «Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)». Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  9. ^ «26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года». Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  10. ^ «Об исчислении времени». Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  11. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. ^ Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 67
  13. ^ Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure, p. 5
  14. ^ Komi
  15. ^ Коми Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  16. ^
    Anne Applebaum, Gulag: A History (Random House, Inc., 2004: ISBN 1-4000-3409-4), pp. 78, 82.
  17. ^ «Russia Signs Power-Sharing Treaty with Komi Republic». Jamestown. March 21, 1996. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  18. ^ Chuman, Mizuki. «The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia» (PDF). Demokratizatsiya: 146.
  19. ^ Google Earth
  20. ^ Walker, T. R., Crittenden, P. D., Dauvalter, V. A., Jones, V., Kuhry, P., Loskutova, O., … & Pystina, T. (2009). Multiple indicators of human impacts on the environment in the Pechora Basin, north-eastern European Russia. Ecological Indicators, 9(4), 765-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.008
  21. ^ Walker, T. R., Habeck, J. O., Karjalainen, T. P., Virtanen, T., Solovieva, N., Jones, V., … & Patova, E. (2006). Perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast European Russia. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 35(5), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1579/06-A-127R.1
  22. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  23. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  24. ^ «База данных показателей муниципальных образований». www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013.
  25. ^ «Перепись-2010: русских становится больше». Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
  26. ^ a b c «Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia» Archived September 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Sreda, 2012.
  27. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. «Ogonek», № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
  28. ^ «Google Translate». translate.google.co.uk.
  29. ^ «Google Translate». translate.google.co.uk. February 4, 2017.

l

Sources[edit]

  • 17 февраля 1994 г. «Конституция Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №67-РЗ от 23 октября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Коми». Вступил в силу 10 марта 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Красное знамя», №45, 10 марта 1994 г. (February 17, 1994 Constitution of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #67-RZ of October 23, 2015 On Amending the Constitution of the Komi Republic. Effective as of March 10, 1994 (with the exception of several clauses).).
  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №XII-20/5 от 6 июня 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ от 4 июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений и дополнения в Закон Республики Коми «О Государственном гимне Республики Коми»pp». Вступил в силу 11 июня 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Красное Знамя», №109, 11 июня 1994 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #XII-20/5 of June 6, 1994 On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #44-RZ of July 4, 2006 On Amending and Supplementing the Law of the Komi Republic «On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic». Effective as of June 11, 1994 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
  • «Коми АССР. Административно-территориальное деление на 1 июля 1968 г.» Коми книжное издательство. Сыктывкар, 1968. (Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure as of July 1, 1968)

Further reading[edit]

  • Pearson, M., Ojanen, P., Havimo, M., Kuuluvainen, T. & Vasander, H. (eds.) 2007. On the European Edge: Journey through Komi Nature and Culture. University of Helsinki Department of Forest Ecology Publications 36. 216 pp. ISBN 978-952-10-3898-3.
  • Strogoff, M., Brochet, P. & Auzias, D. 2005. Guidebook Komi Republic. Avant-Garde Publishers, Moscow. 176 pp. ISBN 5-86394-255-X.

External links[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Komi.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Komi.

  • (in Russian) Official site of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) All news of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) Website of Syktyvkar City — The Capital of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) Official website of the Vorkuta City
  • Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • (in Russian) Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • (in Russian) Official site of the Ukhta State Technical University
  • (in Russian) Snowboarding in Komi Republic
  • (in Russian) History Komi
  • Historic-demographic note on the Nenets of the Komi Republic
  • Virgin Komi Forests at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
Источник

Komi Republic

Republic
Республика Коми
Other transcription(s)
 • Komi Коми Республика

Flag of Komi Republic

Flag

Coat of arms of Komi Republic

Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Komi Republic[3]
Map of Russia - Komi (Crimea disputed).svg
Coordinates: 64°17′N 54°28′E / 64.283°N 54.467°ECoordinates: 64°17′N 54°28′E / 64.283°N 54.467°E
Country Russia
Federal district Northwestern[1]
Economic region Northern[2]
Capital Syktyvkar[4]
Government
 • Body State Council[5]
 • Head[5] Vladimir Uyba[6]
Area

[7]
 • Total 415,900 km2 (160,600 sq mi)
 • Rank 13th
Population

 (2010 Census)[8]
 • Total 901,189
 • Estimate 

(2018)[9]

 840,873 (−6.7%)
 • Rank 58th
 • Density 2.2/km2 (5.6/sq mi)
 • Urban 76.9%
 • Rural 23.1%
Time zone UTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[10])
ISO 3166 code RU-KO
License plates 11
OKTMO ID 87000000
Official languages Russian;[11] Komi[12]
Website http://www.rkomi.ru

The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi,[14] is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar. The population of the republic as of the 2010 Census was 901,189.[8]

History[edit]

Map of the Komi Republic.

The Komi people first feature in the records of the Novgorod Republic in the 12th century, when East Slavic traders from Novgorod traveled to the Perm region in search of furs and animal hides.
The Komi territories came under the influence of Muscovy in the late Middle Ages (late 15th to early 16th centuries). The site of Syktyvkar, settled from the 16th century, was known as Sysolskoye (Сысольскoe). In 1780, under Catherine the Great, it was renamed to Ust-Sysolsk (Усть-Сысольск) and used as a penal colony.

Russians explored the Komi territory most extensively in the 19th and early 20th centuries, starting with the expedition led by Alexander von Keyserling in 1843. They found ample reservoirs of various minerals, as well as timber, to exploit. After the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast was established on August 22, 1921,[15] and on December 5, 1936, it was reorganized into the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with its administrative center located at the town of Syktyvkar.

Many of the «settlers» who arrived in the early 20th century were prisoners of the Gulag – sent by the hundreds of thousands to perform forced labor in the Arctic regions of the USSR. Towns sprang up around labor-camp sites, which gangs of prisoners initially carved out of the untouched tundra and taiga. The first mine, «Rudnik No. 1», became the city of Vorkuta, and other towns of the region have similar origins: «Prisoners planned and built all of the republic’s major cities, not just Ukhta but also Syktyvkar, Pechora, Vorkuta, and Inta. Prisoners built Komi’s railways and roads, as well as its original industrial infrastructure.»[16] On 21 March 1996, the Komi Republic signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy.[17] The agreement was abolished on 20 May 2002.[18]

Geography[edit]

The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain. The Polar Urals rise in the northeastern part.[19] Forests cover over 70% of the territory, and swamps cover approximately 15%. The Komi Republic is the second-largest federal region by area in European Russia after Arkhangelsk Oblast.

  • Area: 415,900 square kilometers (160,600 sq mi)
  • Borders (all internal): Nenets (NW/N), Yamalo-Nenets (NE/E), Khanty–Mansi (E), Sverdlovsk (SE), Perm Krai (S), Kirov (S/SW), and Arkhangelsk (W).
  • Highest point: Mount Narodnaya (1,894 m)
  • Maximum N→S distance: 785 kilometers (488 mi)
  • Maximum E→W distance: 695 kilometers (432 mi)

Rivers[edit]

Major rivers include:

  • Izhma River
  • Mezen River
  • Pechora River
  • Sysola River
  • Usa River
  • Vashka River
  • Vychegda River
  • Vym River

Lakes[edit]

There are many lakes in the republic. Major lakes include:

  • Sindorskoye Lake
  • Yam-Ozero Lake

Natural resources[edit]

The Vym River, Komi Republic, Russia.

The republic’s natural resources include coal, oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, and timber.[20][21] Native reindeer are in abundance and have been intentionally bred for human usage by the indigenous population.[citation needed]

Around 32,800 km2 of mostly boreal forest (as well as some alpine tundra and meadows) in the Republic’s Northern Ural Mountains have been recognized in 1995 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Virgin Komi Forests. It is the first natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in Russia and the largest expanse of virgin forests in Europe. The site includes two pre-existing protected areas: Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (created in 1930) and Yugyd Va National Park (created in 1994).

Climate[edit]

Winters in the republic are long and cold, and the summers, while short, are quite warm.

  • Average January temperature: −17 °C (1 °F) (southern parts) to −20 °C (−4 °F) (northern parts)
  • Average July temperature: 11 °C (52 °F) (northern parts) to 15 °C (59 °F) (southern parts)
  • Lowest recorded temperature: −58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) (village of Ust-Shchuger)
  • Average annual precipitation: 625 mm (24.6 in)

Manpupuner and the 7 Strong Men rock formations[edit]

Deemed one of the Seven Wonders of Russia, the Komi Republic is home to Manpupuner (Man-Pupu-Nyer), a mysterious site in the northern Ural mountains, in the Troitsko-Pechorsky District, made out of seven rock towers bursting out of the flat plateau known as the «7 Strong Men». Manpupuner is a very popular attraction in Russia, but not on an international level. Information regarding its origin is scarce. However, it is known that their height and abnormal shapes make the top of these rock giants inaccessible even to experienced rock-climbers.

Administrative divisions[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

Population: 901,189 (2010 Census);[8] 1,018,674 (2002 Census);[22] 1,261,024 (1989 Census).[23]

17-12-1926 17-01-1939 17-01-1959 15-01-1970 17-01-1979 17-01-1989 09-10-2002 14-10-2010
Total population 207,314 318,996 806,199 964,802 1,110,361 1,250,847 1,018,674 901,189
Average annual population growth +1.7% +1.6% +1.3% -1.6% -1.5%
Males 46% 49% 52% 50% 51% 50% 48%
Females 54% 51% 48% 50% 49% 50% 52%
Females per 1000 males
Proportion urban 4.4% 9.1% 59.4% 61.9% 70.8% 75.5% 75.3%
Territory (km2) 434,150 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900 415,900
Population density/km2 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.2

Settlements[edit]

Largest cities or towns in the Komi Republic

2010 Russian Census
Rank Administrative Division Pop.
Ukhta
Ukhta 		1 Syktyvkar City of republic significance of Syktyvkar 235,006 Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Pechora
Pechora
2 Ukhta Town of republic significance of Ukhta 99,591
3 Vorkuta Town of republic significance of Vorkuta 70,548
4 Pechora Town of republic significance of Pechora 43,105
5 Usinsk Town of republic significance of Usinsk 40,827
6 Inta Town of republic significance of Inta 32,080
7 Sosnogorsk Town of republic significance of Sosnogorsk 27,757
8 Yemva Knyazhpogostsky District 14,570
9 Vuktyl Town of republic significance of Vuktyl 12,356
10 Mikun Ust-Vymsky District 10,730

Vital statistics[edit]

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1920 4 760 4 353 407
1930 10 256 6 574 3 682
1940 14 976 12 134 2 842
1945 6 432 6 185 247
1950 534 20 087 6 002 14 085 37.6 11.2 26.4
1960 836 25 578 5 010 20 568 30.6 6.0 24.6
1965 938 18 956 5 241 13 715 20.2 5.6 14.6
1970 970 16 462 6 276 10 186 17.0 6.5 10.5
1975 1 044 18 899 7 284 11 615 18.1 7.0 11.1
1980 1 137 20 685 9 169 11 516 18.2 8.1 10.1
1981 1 153 21 244 9 103 12 141 18.4 7.9 10.5
1982 1 169 23 420 8 758 14 662 20.0 7.5 12.5
1983 1 185 23 806 9 250 14 556 20.1 7.8 12.3
1984 1 199 24 217 9 486 14 731 20.2 7.9 12.3
1985 1 213 23 303 9 334 13 969 19.2 7.7 11.5
1986 1 228 24 176 8 112 16 064 19.7 6.6 13.1
1987 1 242 23 616 8 544 15 072 19.0 6.9 12.1
1988 1 256 20 916 8 930 11 986 16.7 7.1 9.5
1989 1 256 18 481 8 857 9 624 14.7 7.1 7.7
1990 1 244 16 930 9 321 7 609 13.6 7.5 6.1 1.873
1991 1 231 15 589 9 665 5 924 12.7 7.9 4.8
1992 1 214 13 880 11 426 2 454 11.4 9.4 2.0
1993 1 199 12 158 14 642 — 2 484 10.1 12.2 — 2.1
1994 1 174 11 835 16 074 — 4 239 10.1 13.7 — 3.6
1995 1 145 11 105 15 057 — 3 952 9.7 13.2 — 3.5 1.317
1996 1 124 10 900 13 674 — 2 774 9.7 12.2 — 2.5
1997 1 106 10 388 12 244 — 1 856 9.4 11.1 — 1.7
1998 1 087 10 793 11 545 — 752 9.9 10.6 — 0.7
1999 1 068 9 680 12 253 — 2 573 9.1 11.5 — 2.4
2000 1 050 9 906 13 594 — 3 688 9.4 12.9 — 3.5 1.219
2001 1 036 10 325 13 968 — 3 643 10.0 13.5 — 3.5 1.272
2002 1 021 11 177 15 265 — 4 088 10.9 15.0 — 4.0 1.374
2003 1 004 11 462 15 810 — 4 348 11.4 15.8 — 4.3 1.401
2004 987 11 489 15 210 — 3 721 11.6 15.4 — 3.8 1.397
2005 971 10 975 15 074 — 4 099 11.3 15.5 — 4.2 1.332
2006 955 10 872 13 519 — 2 647 11.4 14.1 — 2.8 1.318
2007 941 11 523 12 304 — 781 12.2 13.1 — 0.8 1.406
2008 928 11 719 12 270 — 551 12.6 13.2 — 0.6 1.452
2009 916 11 868 12 182 — 314 13.0 13.3 — 0.3 1.62
2010 903 11 648 11 819 — 171 12.9 13.1 — 0.2 1.63
2011 11 715 11 097 + 443 13.0 12.4 + 0.6 1.71
2012 890 12 418 10 830 + 1 588 14.0 12.2 + 1.8 1.88
2013 876 12 436 10 484 + 1 952 14.2 12.0 + 2.2 1.96
2014 868 12 291 10 621 + 1 670 14.2 12.2 + 2.0 2.01
2015 861 11 797 10 666 + 1 131 13.6 12.3 + 1.3 2.00
2016 854 11 239 10 523 + 716 13.1 12.3 + 0.8 1.97
2017 845 9 766 9 958 — 192 11.5 11.8 — 0.3 1.78

Regional vital statistics for 2011[edit]

Source:[24]

District Birth Rate Death Rate Natural Growth Rate Russians as % of Pop Native Komi and Nenets as % of Pop
Komi Republic 13.0 12.4 Increase0.06% 96.05% 3.95%
Syktyvkar 12.5 10.2 Increase0.23% 97.61% 2.39%
Vorkuta 11.8 9.7 Increase0.21% 92.33% 7.67%
Vuktyl 11.2 12.6 Decrease-0.14% 95.27% 4.73%
Inta 11.1 12.6 Decrease-0.15% 95.40% 4.60%
Pechora 13.0 13.6 Decrease-0.06% 96.89% 3.11%
Sosnogorsk 12.6 14.4 Decrease-0.18% 97.02% 2.98%
Usinsk 14.7 9.0 Increase0.57% 86.04% 13.96%
Ukhta 11.0 10.7 Increase0.03% 96.20% 3.80%
Izhemsky 19.1 18.8 Increase0.03% 99.62% 0.38%
Knyazhpogostsky 11.6 15.9 Decrease-0.43% 95.50% 4.50%
Koygorodsky 16.2 18.3 Decrease-0.21% 97.89% 2.11%
Kortkerossky 16.9 18.6 Decrease-0.17% 98.86% 1.14%
Priluzsky 15.6 18.4 Decrease-0.28% 98.98% 1.02%
Syktyvdinsky 17.3 13.3 Increase0.40% 98.11% 1.89%
Sysolsky 16.4 17.6 Decrease-0.12% 98.37% 1.63%
Troitsko-Pechorsky 14.0 17.9 Decrease-0.39% 97.80% 2.20%
Udorsky 15.6 13.1 Increase0.25% 95.33% 4.67%
Ust-Vymsky 12.0 15.8 Decrease-0.38% 96.48% 3.52%
Ust-Kulomsky 19.2 18.9 Increase0.03% 98.96% 1.04%
Ust-Tsilemsky 16.1 15.4 Increase0.07% 99.62% 0.38%

Ethnic groups[edit]

According to the 2010 Census,[8] ethnic Russians make up 65.1% of the republic’s population, while the ethnic Komi make up 23.7%. Other groups include Ukrainians (4.2%), Tatars (1.3%), Belarusians (1%), Ethnic Germans (0.6%), Chuvash (0.6%), Azeris (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic
group 		1926 census
(1926 territory)1 		1926 census
(present territory) 		1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census 2010 census2 2021 census
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Komi 191,245 92.2% 195,400 86.9% 231,301 72.5% 245,074 30.4% 276,178 28.6% 280,798 25.3% 291,542 23.3% 256,464 25.2% 202,348 23.7% 127,350 22.3%
Russians 13,731 6.6% 28,300 12.6% 70,226 22.0% 389,995 48.4% 512,203 53.1% 629,523 56.7% 721,780 57.7% 607,021 59.6% 555,963 65.1% 398,547 69.7%
Ukrainians 34 0.0% 200 0.1% 6,010 1.9% 80,132 9.9% 82,955 8.6% 94,154 8.5% 104,170 8.3% 62,115 6.1% 36,082 4.2% 11,041 1.9%
Nenets 2,080 1.0% 1,000 0.4% 508 0.2% 374 0.0% 369 0.0% 366 0.0% 376 0.0% 708 0.1% 215 0.0%
Tatars 33 0.0% 709 0.2% 8,459 1.0% 11,906 1.2% 17,836 1.6% 25,980 2.1% 15,680 1.5% 10,779 1.3% 4,083 0.7%
Belarusians 11 0.0% 3,323 1.0% 22,339 2.8% 24,706 2.6% 24,763 2.2% 26,730 2.1% 15,212 1.5% 8,859 1.0% 2,639 0.5%
Others 180 0.1% 6,919 2.2% 59,826 7.4% 56,485 5.9% 62,921 5.7% 80,269 6.4% 61,474 6.0% 40,272 4.7% 39,564 4.6% 28,008 4.9%
1 The territory of the Komi AO was different from the Komi Republic.

2 Excluding 46,886 people who were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[25]

Religion[edit]

According to a 2012 survey,[26] 30.2% of the population of Komi adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Rodnovers or Komi native religious believers, 1% are Muslims, 1% are Orthodox Christians not belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 1% are Old Believers, and 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 41% of the population declared to be «spiritual but not religious», 14% is atheist, and 6.4% follows other religions or failed to answer the question.[26]

Education[edit]

There are over 450 secondary schools in the republic (with ~180,000 students). The most important higher education facilities include Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Administration, Syktyvkar State University and Ukhta State Technical University.

Politics[edit]

The head of government in the Komi Republic is the Head of the Republic. As of 2021, the current Head is Vladimir Uyba who took office after his predecessor Sergey Gaplikov resigned.

The State Council is the legislature.

Economy[edit]

The Komi Republic’s major industries include oil processing, timber, woodworking, natural gas and electric power industries. Major industrial centers are Syktyvkar, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

Komigaz conducts natural gas transportation and distribution.

Transportation[edit]

Railroad transportation is very well developed. The most important railroad line is Kotlas–Vorkuta–Salekhard, which is used to ship most goods in and out of the republic. The rivers Vychegda and Pechora are navigable. There are airports in Syktyvkar, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

In 1997, total railroad trackage was 1,708 km, automobile roads 4,677 km.

Sports[edit]

Stroitel plays again in the Russian Bandy Super League in the 2017–18 season, after several years in Russian Bandy Supreme League, the second highest division. In 2015 a bandy federation for the republic was founded.[28] In 2016 the authorities presented a five-year plan to develop bandy in the republic.[1] There is an application in place to host the 2021 Bandy World Championship.[29]

See also[edit]

  • Komi-Permyak Okrug
  • Komi mythology
  • Udoria
  • Extreme points of Europe
  • Valery Leontiev
  • List of rural localities in the Komi Republic

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: «Собрание законодательства РФ», No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Lw #XII-20/5
  4. ^ Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 69
  5. ^ a b Constitution, Article 8
  6. ^ Official website of the Komi Republic. Sergey Gaplikov Archived June 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). «Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)». Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  9. ^ «26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года». Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  10. ^ «Об исчислении времени». Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  11. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. ^ Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 67
  13. ^ Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure, p. 5
  14. ^ Komi
  15. ^ Коми Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  16. ^
    Anne Applebaum, Gulag: A History (Random House, Inc., 2004: ISBN 1-4000-3409-4), pp. 78, 82.
  17. ^ «Russia Signs Power-Sharing Treaty with Komi Republic». Jamestown. March 21, 1996. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  18. ^ Chuman, Mizuki. «The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia» (PDF). Demokratizatsiya: 146.
  19. ^ Google Earth
  20. ^ Walker, T. R., Crittenden, P. D., Dauvalter, V. A., Jones, V., Kuhry, P., Loskutova, O., … & Pystina, T. (2009). Multiple indicators of human impacts on the environment in the Pechora Basin, north-eastern European Russia. Ecological Indicators, 9(4), 765-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.008
  21. ^ Walker, T. R., Habeck, J. O., Karjalainen, T. P., Virtanen, T., Solovieva, N., Jones, V., … & Patova, E. (2006). Perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast European Russia. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 35(5), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1579/06-A-127R.1
  22. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  23. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  24. ^ «База данных показателей муниципальных образований». www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013.
  25. ^ «Перепись-2010: русских становится больше». Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
  26. ^ a b c «Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia» Archived September 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Sreda, 2012.
  27. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. «Ogonek», № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
  28. ^ «Google Translate». translate.google.co.uk.
  29. ^ «Google Translate». translate.google.co.uk. February 4, 2017.

l

Sources[edit]

  • 17 февраля 1994 г. «Конституция Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №67-РЗ от 23 октября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Коми». Вступил в силу 10 марта 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Красное знамя», №45, 10 марта 1994 г. (February 17, 1994 Constitution of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #67-RZ of October 23, 2015 On Amending the Constitution of the Komi Republic. Effective as of March 10, 1994 (with the exception of several clauses).).
  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №XII-20/5 от 6 июня 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ от 4 июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений и дополнения в Закон Республики Коми «О Государственном гимне Республики Коми»pp». Вступил в силу 11 июня 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Красное Знамя», №109, 11 июня 1994 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #XII-20/5 of June 6, 1994 On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #44-RZ of July 4, 2006 On Amending and Supplementing the Law of the Komi Republic «On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic». Effective as of June 11, 1994 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
  • «Коми АССР. Административно-территориальное деление на 1 июля 1968 г.» Коми книжное издательство. Сыктывкар, 1968. (Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure as of July 1, 1968)

Further reading[edit]

  • Pearson, M., Ojanen, P., Havimo, M., Kuuluvainen, T. & Vasander, H. (eds.) 2007. On the European Edge: Journey through Komi Nature and Culture. University of Helsinki Department of Forest Ecology Publications 36. 216 pp. ISBN 978-952-10-3898-3.
  • Strogoff, M., Brochet, P. & Auzias, D. 2005. Guidebook Komi Republic. Avant-Garde Publishers, Moscow. 176 pp. ISBN 5-86394-255-X.

External links[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Komi.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Komi.

  • (in Russian) Official site of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) All news of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) Website of Syktyvkar City — The Capital of the Republic of Komi
  • (in Russian) Official website of the Vorkuta City
  • Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • (in Russian) Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • (in Russian) Official site of the Ukhta State Technical University
  • (in Russian) Snowboarding in Komi Republic
  • (in Russian) History Komi
  • Historic-demographic note on the Nenets of the Komi Republic
  • Virgin Komi Forests at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
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Перевод «республика коми» на английский


Водные ресурсы Республика Коми входит в зону избыточного увлажнения.



Water resources The Komi Republic is in the zone of excess humidity.


26 мая 1992 года название изменилось на Республика Коми.



On 26 May 1992, the name was changed into Komi Republic.


Известно, что республика Коми является крупнейшей на территории России сырьевой базой бокситовых руд.



It is well known that the Republic of Komi is the largest on the territory of Russian raw materials bauxite ore.


Сегодня Республика Коми — регион России, обладающий огромным экономическим и человеческим потенциалом и уникальными возможностями для развития.



Today, the Republic of Komi has huge economic and human potential as well as unique opportunities for development.


Республика Коми единственная из трёх арктических нефтяных регионов располагает нефтеперерабатывающими мощностями.



The Komi Republic is the only of the three Arctic oil-producing regions which also has significant refinery capacity.


Значительную часть имущества университета смогли вывезти в город Сыктывкар республика Коми.



They were able to take a significant part of the university property to the town of Syktyvkar Komi Republic.


Некоторым исключением является Республика Коми, где:


Среди 16 регионов присутствия Т Плюс лидером по объему долгов является Республика Коми, где задолженность достигла 9,6 млрд рублей.



Among 16 regions of presence of T Plus by the leader in the volume of debts the Komi Republic where debt has reached 9,6 billion rubles is.


Пилоты совершили аварийную посадку на не приспособленном для данного типа самолётов военном аэродроме в Ижме (Республика Коми).



The pilots made an emergency landing in a military airfield, not adapted to this type of aircraft, in Izhma, the Komi Republic.


Представлены результаты оценки профессиональных рисков, обеспечения безопасности персонала при разработке Ярегского нефтяного месторождения высоковязкой нефти (Республика Коми).



The results are presented concerning the assessment of occupational risks, ensuring safety of the personnel at the development of high-viscosity oil Yarega oil field (Komi Republic).


Также планируется проведение работ по модернизации на компрессорной станции Микунь (Республика Коми).



Also planned work on the modernization of compressor station Mikun (Komi Republic).


Республика коми, институт языка, литературы и истории, фонд «покаяние», конференции, симпозиумы



Komi republic, institute of language, literature and history, «repentance» fund, conferences, symposiums


Республика Коми — красивый северный край, где богатейшие недра, нетронутая цивилизацией природа, уютные города и села, талантливые люди и самобытная культура.



The Komi Republic is a beautiful northern region, with rich mineral resources, untouched nature, charming towns and villages, talented people, and unique culture.


Детство Юли прошло в городе Ухта (Республика Коми), где она неоднократно становилась лауреатом детских песенных конкурсов.



Child Julia was in the town of Ukhta (Komi Republic), where it repeatedly became the winner of children’s song contests.


Республика Коми осуществляет переработку отходов лесозаготовок в топливо (пеллеты) и перевод котельных на возобновляемые источники энергии (ВИЭ).



The Republic of Komi performs processing of forest waste to fuel (pellets) and conversion of boiler houses to renewable energy sources (RESs).


Республика Коми расположена к западу от Уральских гор.


«Республика Коми заинтересована в закупке семенного картофеля с высоким 22-25 процентным содержанием крахмала для загрузки мощностей современного крахмального завода»,- заверил А. Князев.



«the Republic of Komi is interested in the purchase of seed potatoes 22 to 25 with a high percentage of starch for the load capacity of modern starch plant,» — said Knyazev.


Заполярный город Воркута (Республика Коми, одна из опорных зон Арктики) нуждается в отдельной программе развития для обеспечения достойной…



The polar city of Vorkuta (Republic of Komi, one of the Arctic support zones) needs a separate development…


Отказ от печатания (распространения) СМИ — 2 (телепрограмма «День», Республика Коми, 2 раза).



Refusals to print (or distribute) media — 2 (Den TV programme, Komi Republic, twice).


После окончания средней школы поступил в Ухтинский индустриальный институт (Республика Коми), который окончил в 1996 году по специальности горный инженер-геолог нефти и газа.



After finishing the secondary school, he entered the Ukhta Industrial Institute (the Republic of Komi) and graduated from it in 1996 as a mining engineer and geologist for oil and gas.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 1320. Точных совпадений: 133. Затраченное время: 101 мс

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Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

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НАЗВАНИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

nazvanija-subektov-rf

(Согласно статье 65 Конституции РФ )

Республики

Republics

Республика Адыгея (Адыгея)

Republic of Adygeya

Республика Алтай

Republic of Altai

Республика Башкортостан

Republic of Bashkortostan

Республика Бурятия

Republic of Buryatia

Республика Дагестан

Republic of Daghestan

Республика Ингушетия

Republic of Ingushetia

Кабардино-Балкарская Республика

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

Республика Калмыкия

Republic of Kalmykia

Карачаево-Черкесская Республика

Karachayevo-Circassian Republic

Республика Карелия

Republic of Karelia

Республика Коми

Komi Republic

Республика Крым

Republic of Crimea

Республика Марий Эл

Republic of Mari El

Республика Мордовия

Republic of Mordovia

Республика Саха (Якутия)

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Республика Северная Осетия – Алания

Republic of North Ossetia – Alania

Республика Татарстан (Татарстан)

Republic of Tatarstan

Республика Тыва

Republic of Tuva

Удмуртская Республика

Udmurtian Republic

Республика Хакассия

Republic of Khakassia

Чеченская Республика

Chechen Republic

Чувашская Республика – Чувашия

Chuvash Republic

Края

Territories

Алтайский край

Altai Territory

Забайкальский край

Trans-Baikal Territory

Камчатский край

Kamchatka Territory

Краснодарский край

Krasnodar Territory

Красноярский край

Krasnoyarsk Territory

Пермский край

Perm Territory

Приморский край

Primorye Territory

Ставропольский край

Stavropol Territory

Хабаровский край

Khabarovsk Territory

Области

Regions

Амурская область

Amur Region

Архангельская область

Arkhangelsk Region

Астраханская область

Astrakhan Region

Белгородская область

Belgorod Region

Брянская область

Bryansk Region

Владимирская область

Vladimir Region

Волгоградская область

Volgograd Region

Вологодская область

Vologda Region

Воронежская область

Voronezh Region

Ивановская область

Ivanovo Region

Иркутская область

Irkutsk Region

Калининградская область

Kaliningrad Region

Калужская область

Kaluga Region

Кемеровская область

Kemerovo Region

Кировская область

Kirov Region

Костромская область

Kostroma Region

Курганская область

Kurgan Region

Курская область

Kursk Region

Ленинградская область

Leningrad Region

Липецкая область

Lipetsk Region

Магаданская область

Magadan Region

Московская область

Moscow Region

Мурманская область

Murmansk Region

Нижегородская область

Nizhny Novgorod Region

Новгородская область

Novgorod Region

Новосибирская область

Novosibirsk Region

Омская область

Omsk Region

Оренбургская область

Orenburg Region

Орловская область

Orel Region

Пензенская область

Penza Region

Пермская область

PermRegion

Псковская область

Pskov Region

Ростовская область

Rostov Region

Рязанская область

Ryazan Region

Самарская область

Samara Region

Саратовская область

Saratov Region

Сахалинская область

Sakhalin Region

Свердловская область

Sverdlovsk Region

Смоленская область

Smolensk Region

Тамбовская область

Tambov Region

Тверская область

Tver Region

Томская область

Tomsk Region

Тульская область

Tula Region

Тюменская область

Tyumen Region

Ульяновская область

Ulyanovsk Region

Челябинская область

Chelyabinsk Region

Читинская область

Chita Region

Ярославская область

Yaroslavl Region

Города федерального значения

Cities of Federal Importance

Москва

Moscow

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Севастополь

Sevastopol

Автономные области

Autonomous Regions

Еврейская автономная область

Jewish Autonomous Region

Автономные округа

Autonomous Areas

Ненецкий автономный округ

Nenets Autonomous Area

Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra

Чукотский автономный округ

Chukotka Autonomous Area

Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ

Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area

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Республика Коми

ж.р.
существительное

Склонение

Контексты

Успешный губернатор Республики Коми, безупречно лояльный президенту Владимиру Путину, был обвинен в организации преступной группировки, в которую якобы входит ряд высших должностных лиц региона.
The successful governor of the Komi Republic, who was faultlessly loyal to President Vladimir Putin, has been accused of leading a criminal organization that allegedly included a number of his region’s top officials.

Бывший рабочий из российской Республики Коми, он, по рассказам, получил позывной «Моторола», когда служил в Чечне связистом в российском армейском батальоне.
A former blue-collar worker from the Russian republic of Komi, he is said to have earned the nickname “Motorola” during his work as a communications officer in a Russian army battalion serving in Chechnya.

Крупная авария в Республике Коми (Российская Федерация) в 1994 году, в результате которой произошла утечка 100,000 тонн нефти, является одной из самых серьезных экологических катастроф в этом регионе.
The severe pipeline leak of some 100,000 tons of oil in the Komi Republic in the Russian Federation, in 1994 was one of the region’s most severe environmental disasters.

Только в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе открыто 11 филиалов, в Ямало-Ненецком — 17, в Республике Саха (Якутия) — 11, в Республике Коми — 8, в Чукотском автономном округе — 4, Агинском Бурятском автономном округе — 2.
Eleven have been opened in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area alone; 17 in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area; 11 in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia); 8 in the Komi Republic; 4 in the Chukchi Autonomous Area; and 2 in the Aga-Buryat Autonomous Area.

В отличие от многих других местных руководителей, отобранных Путиным для управления регионами, которые они едва знали, Гайзер родился в Республике Коми — огромном, богатом природными ресурсами крае на европейском севере России с населением в 2 миллиона человек.
Unlike many other local leaders, who were picked by Putin to administer regions they barely knew, he was born in the Komi Republic, a vast, resource-rich territory with a population of 2 million in Russia’s European north.

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Encyclopedia Britannica

Encyclopedia Britannica

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коми республика

  • 1
    республика

    1. commonwealth

    2. republic

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > республика

  • 2
    коми

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > коми

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Источник

Komi Republic overview

The Republic of Komi is a federal subject of Russia located in the north-east of the European part of the country, part of the North-West Federal District. Syktyvkar is the capital city of the republic.

The population of Komi Republic is about 857,000 (2015), the area — 416,774 sq. km.

Komi Republic history

In the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, the Finno-Ugric tribes came to the territory of the European part of present Russia. In this land they lived about 3,000 years. During this long period of time, a lot of new ethnic groups appeared such as the Finns, Karelians, Veps, Estonians, Chud (Komi), and others.

Bjarmaland, known from the sagas and chronicles, was a historical region in the north of Eastern Europe that traded with the Vikings who discovered it at the end of the 9th century AD. But after a while the territory of Bjarmaland was greatly reduced due to the migration of the Slavs. The local population came under the influence of Russian principalities, the Novgorod Republic and Sweden.

In the 14th century, the most powerful of the Chud (Komi) tribes united and created the state of Great Perm. During its independence, Perm fought against the Volga Bulgars, the Moscow principality and the Novgorod Republic. At the end of the 15th century, after the Novgorod Republic ceased to exist, the strengthened Moscow principality destroyed the last independent state of the Komi people.

More historical facts…

The region became an important source of furs, one of the most valuable natural resources of the time. Due to the harsh climate and lack of year-round roads, this territory remained sparsely populated for a long time. In the middle of the 18th century, oil production started near the Ukhta River.

The revolutionary events of 1917 contributed to the development of national social movements. August 22, 1921, the Komi Autonomous Region was formed. Active development of Komi and population growth began in the 1930s-1950s in connection with the development of the Gulag (Soviet forced labour camp system).

In the early 1930s, large coal reserves were found in the region. Coal production began during the Second World War to compensate for the loss of coal mining in the Donbas occupied by the Germans. The railroad “Ukhta-Pechora-Inta-Vorkuta” was built by prisoners for transportation of coal, oil and timber. At the end of the 1950s, the Gulag was abolished but a number of camps for prisoners continued to exist in the region.

January 12, 1993, Komi SSR became the Republic of Komi. February 17, 1994, the Constitution of the Komi Republic was adopted. June 6, 1994, the republic received its coat of arms, flag and hymn. The collapse of the USSR led to a crisis in the local industry. A lot of mines were closed resulting in a large outflow of population from the republic. In 1990-2007, the Republic of Komi lost about 22% of its population.

Beautiful nature of the Komi Republic

Komi Republic landscape

Komi Republic scenery

Komi Republic scenery

Author: Nikolay Alexandrov

Komi - the land of swamps and forests

Komi — the land of swamps and forests

Author: Starokozhko Denis

Komi Republic features

The climate is temperate continental. Winters are long and cold, summers are short. The average temperature in January: -20 degrees Celsius (in the northern part) and -17 degrees Celsius (in the southern part), in July: +11 degrees C (in the northern part) and +15 … + 17 degrees C (in the southern part).

The Komi Republic is rich in mineral resources: coal (Pechora coal basin), oil and natural gas (Timan-Pechora oil and gas province), bauxite, gold, diamonds, titanium, sulfur. Forests cover about 65% of the territory.

The republic’s economy is based on the extraction and processing of minerals — oil, natural gas, coal, bauxite, gemstones, etc., wood processing and paper-making enterprises. The Komi Republic is one of the leading timber regions of Russia. Reindeer husbandry is an important traditional sector. In 2010, there were 82 thousand deer in the republic.

The national composition according to the 2010 Census: Russians (65.1%), Komi (23.7%), Ukrainians (4.2%), Tatars (1.3%), Belarussians (1%), Germans (0.6%).

Komi Republic places of interest

Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve and National Park “Yugyd Va” united under the title “Virgin forests of Komi” are included in the list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

There are dozens of natural attractions in the Komi Republic. The most interesting ones are:

  • “The ruins of an ancient town” on Torre-Porre-Iz Plateau;
  • “Karst ravine of Iordanskiy” on the right bank of the Malaya Pechora River, 16 km up from where Bolshoi Shezhim flows into it;
  • “Verkhniye Vorota” on the Bolshaya Synya River (55 km up the railway bridge);
  • “Koltso” on the Sharyu River (30 km from Usinsk);
  • Caves: “Kaninskaya” — 47 km up the mouth of the Unya River, on the right bank of the Pechora, “Unyinskaya” — 110 km from the Unya mouth, “Ledyanaya”, “Tufovaya” and “Medvezhya peschera” in “Karst ravine of Iordanskiy”, where one of the most northern sites of Paleolithic man was found. It is also the largest in northern Europe location of Pleistocene fauna — the bones of mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, cave bears.

The candidates for the title Seven Wonders of Russia from the Republic of Komi:

  • Bogatyr-Shelye rock — a geological monument located on the Bolshaya Synya River;
  • The Schugor River: “Verkhniye Vorota” (73 km from the mouth), “Sredniye Vorota” (9 km lower of “Verkhniye Vorota”), “Nizhniye Vorota” (the most picturesque place located 22 km from the mouth, on the right bank) and the waterfalls “Veldor-Kyrta-El”;
  • Lyokiz rocks — a geological monument located on the right bank of the Ilych River in Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve;
  • Weathering Pillars on Manpupuner Plateau — a geological monument located between the rivers Ichotlyaga and Pechora, one of the winners of the contest “Seven Wonders of Russia”;
  • The town of Inta. Kozhimsky and Syvyusky geological monuments, “Stone baba”, the rocks “Rif”, “Monakh”, “Kayuk-Nyrd”, “Nortnicha-el”;
  • Yb — an ancient settlement located 50 km south of Syktyvkar, on the bank of the Sysola River. Due to hot and dry summers and low water level in the Sysola, a lot of remnants of pre-historical animals (ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs) were found there.
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