Как пишется нью йорк таймс

The New York Times

All the News That’s Fit to Print
Front page for March 26, 2018
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	The New York Times Company
Founder(s)	Henry Jarvis Raymond George Jones
Publisher	A. G. Sulzberger[1]
Editor-in-chief	Joseph Kahn[1]
Managing editor	Marc Lacey Carolyn Ryan[1]
Staff writers	2,000 news staff (2022)[2]
Founded	September 18, 1851; 171 years ago (as New-York Daily Times)
Headquarters	The New York Times Building, 620 Eighth Avenue New York City, NY, U.S.
Country	United States
Circulation	9,330,000 news subscribers 8,590,000 digital-only 740,000 print (as of November 2022[3])
Sister newspapers	International Herald Tribune (1967–2013) The New York Times International Edition (1943–1967; 2013–currently)
ISSN	0362-4331 (print) 1553-8095 (web)
OCLC number	1645522
Website	www.nytimes.com
Media of the United States List of newspapers

The New York Times (the Times, NYT, or the Gray Lady)^[4] is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2022 to comprise 740,000 paid print subscribers, and 8.6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as The Daily.^[5][6][7] Founded in 1851, it is published by The New York Times Company. The Times has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper,^[8] and has long been regarded as a national «newspaper of record».^[9] For print, it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S.^[10]

The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded, has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure.^[11] A. G. Sulzberger, the paper’s publisher and the company’s chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the paper.^[12][13]

Since the mid-1970s, The New York Times has expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features. Since 2008,^[14] the Times has been organized into the following sections: News, Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed, New York (metropolitan), Business, Sports, Arts, Science, Styles, Home, Travel, and other features.^[15] On Sundays, the Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review (formerly the Week in Review),^[16] The New York Times Book Review,^[17] The New York Times Magazine,^[18] and T: The New York Times Style Magazine.^[19] The editorial pages of The New York Times are typically liberal in their positions.^[20][21]

History

Origins

The New York Times was founded as the New-York Daily Times on September 18, 1851.^[a] Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the Times was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company.^[23] Early investors in the company included Edwin B. Morgan,^[24] Christopher Morgan,^[25] and Edward B. Wesley.^[26] Sold for a penny (equivalent to $0.33 in 2021), the inaugural edition attempted to address various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release:^[27]

We shall be Conservative, in all cases where we think Conservatism essential to the public good;—and we shall be Radical in everything which may seem to us to require radical treatment and radical reform. We do not believe that everything in Society is either exactly right or exactly wrong;—what is good we desire to preserve and improve;—what is evil, to exterminate, or reform.

In 1852, the newspaper started a western division, The Times of California, which arrived whenever a mail boat from New York docked in California. The effort failed once local California newspapers came into prominence.^[28]

On September 14, 1857, the newspaper officially shortened its name to The New-York Times. The hyphen in the city name was dropped on December 1, 1896.^[29] On April 21, 1861, The New York Times began publishing a Sunday edition to offer daily coverage of the Civil War.

The main office of The New York Times was attacked during the New York City draft riots. The riots, sparked by the institution of a draft for the Union Army, began on July 13, 1863. On «Newspaper Row», across from City Hall, co-founder Henry Raymond stopped the rioters with Gatling guns, early machine guns, one of which he wielded himself. The mob diverted, instead attacking the headquarters of abolitionist publisher Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune until being forced to flee by the Brooklyn City Police, who had crossed the East River to help the Manhattan authorities.^[30]

In 1869, Henry Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher.^[31]

The newspaper’s influence grew in 1870 and 1871, when it published a series of exposés on William Tweed, leader of the city’s Democratic Party — popularly known as «Tammany Hall» (from its early-19th-century meeting headquarters) — that led to the end of the Tweed Ring’s domination of New York’s City Hall.^[32] Tweed had offered The New York Times five million dollars (equivalent to 113 million dollars in 2021) to not publish the story.^[24]

In the 1880s, The New York Times gradually transitioned from supporting Republican Party candidates in its editorials to becoming more politically independent and analytical.^[33] In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland (former mayor of Buffalo and governor of New York) in his first presidential campaign.^[34] While this move cost The New York Times a portion of its readership among its more Republican readers (revenue declined from $188,000 to $56,000 from 1883 to 1884), the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years.^[35]

Ochs era

After George Jones died in 1891, Charles Ransom Miller and other New York Times editors raised $1 million (equivalent to $30 million in 2021) to buy the Times, printing it under the New York Times Publishing Company.^[36][37] The newspaper found itself in a financial crisis by the Panic of 1893,^[35] and by 1896, the newspaper had a circulation of less than 9,000 and was losing $1,000 a day. That year, Adolph Ochs, the publisher of the Chattanooga Times, gained a controlling interest in the company for $75,000.^[38]

Shortly after assuming control of the paper, Ochs coined the paper’s slogan, «All The News That’s Fit To Print». This slogan has endured, appearing in the paper since September 1896, and has been printed in a box in the upper left hand corner of the front page since early 1897.^[34] The slogan was seen as a jab at competing publications, such as Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal, which were known for a lurid, sensationalist and often inaccurate reporting of facts and opinions, described by the end of the century as «yellow journalism».^[39] Under Ochs’ guidance, aided by Carr Van Anda, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, and reputation; Sunday circulation went from under 9,000 in 1896 to 780,000 in 1934.^[38] Van Anda also created the newspaper’s photo library, now colloquially referred to as «the morgue.»^[40] In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, The New York Times, along with The Times, received the first on-the-spot wireless telegraph transmission from a naval battle: a report of the destruction of the Russian Navy’s Baltic Fleet, at the Battle of Port Arthur, from the press-boat Haimun.^[41] In 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began.^[34] In 1919, The New York Times‘ first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred by dirigible balloon. In 1920, during the 1920 Republican National Convention, a «4 A.M. Airplane Edition» was sent to Chicago by plane, so it could be in the hands of convention delegates by evening.^[42]

In 1920, Walter Lippmann and Charles Merz published «A Test of the News», about the Times’ coverage of the Russian Revolution. They concluded that its news stories were not based on facts, but «were determined by the hopes of the men who made up the news organisations.» The newspaper referred to events that had not taken place, atrocities that did not exist, and reported no fewer than 91 times that the Bolshevik regime was on the verge of collapse.^[43]

Post-war expansion

Ochs died in 1935^[44] and was succeeded as publisher by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger.^[45] Under his leadership, and that of his son-in-law (and successor),^[46] Orvil Dryfoos,^[47] the paper extended its breadth and reach, beginning in the 1940s. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section first appeared in 1946. The New York Times began an international edition in 1946. (The international edition stopped publishing in 1967, when The New York Times joined the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris.)

After only two years as publisher, Dryfoos died in 1963^[48] and was succeeded^[49] by his brother-in-law, Arthur Ochs «Punch» Sulzberger, who led the Times until 1992 and continued the expansion of the paper.^[50]

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

The paper’s involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring one of the key United States Supreme Court decisions supporting freedom of the press, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. In it, the United States Supreme Court established the «actual malice» standard for press reports about public officials or public figures to be considered defamatory or libelous. The malice standard requires the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case to prove the publisher of the statement knew the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. Because of the high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and difficulty proving malicious intent, such cases by public figures rarely succeed.^[51]

The Pentagon Papers (1971)

In 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States’ political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1967, were given («leaked») to Neil Sheehan of The New York Times by former State Department official Daniel Ellsberg, with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying them. The New York Times began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13. Controversy and lawsuits followed. The papers revealed, among other things, that the government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting airstrikes over Laos, raids along the coast of North Vietnam, and offensive actions were taken by the U.S. Marines well before the public was told about the actions, all while President Lyndon B. Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility gap for the U.S. government, and hurt efforts by the Nixon administration to fight the ongoing war.^[52]

When The New York Times began publishing its series, President Richard Nixon became incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger included «People have gotta be put to the torch for this sort of thing» and «Let’s get the son-of-a-bitch in jail.»^[53] After failing to get The New York Times to stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President Nixon obtained a federal court injunction that The New York Times cease publication of excerpts. The newspaper appealed and the case began working through the court system.

On June 18, 1971, The Washington Post began publishing its own series. Ben Bagdikian, a Post editor, had obtained portions of the papers from Ellsberg. That day the Post received a call from William Rehnquist, an assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, asking them to stop publishing. When the Post refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed.

On June 26, 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into New York Times Co. v. United States.^[54] On June 30, 1971, the Supreme Court held in a 6–3 decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had not met the burden of proof required. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it a lukewarm victory, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security were at stake.^[52]

Late 1970s–1990s

In the 1970s, the paper introduced a number of new lifestyle sections, including Weekend and Home, with the aim of attracting more advertisers and readers. Many criticized the move for betraying the paper’s mission.^[55] On September 7, 1976, the paper switched from an eight-column format to a six-column format. The overall page width stayed the same, with each column becoming wider.^[56] On September 14, 1987, the Times printed the heaviest-ever newspaper, at over 12 pounds (5.4 kg) and 1,612 pages.^[57]

In 1992, «Punch» Sulzberger stepped down as publisher; his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., succeeded him, first as publisher^[58] and then as chairman of the board in 1997.^[59] The Times was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997.^[60]

Digital era

Early digital content

The New York Times switched to a digital production process sometime before 1980, but only began preserving the resulting digital text that year.^[61] In 1983, the Times sold the electronic rights to its articles to LexisNexis. As the online distribution of news increased in the 1990s, the Times decided not to renew the deal and in 1994 the newspaper regained electronic rights to its articles.^[62] On January 22, 1996, NYTimes.com began publishing.^[63]

2000s

In August 2007, the paper reduced the physical size of its print edition, cutting the page width from 13.5 inches (34 cm) to a 12 inches (30 cm). This followed similar moves by a roster of other newspapers in the previous ten years, including USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post. The move resulted in a 5% reduction in news space, but (in an era of dwindling circulation and significant advertising revenue losses) also saved about $12 million a year.^[64][65]

In September 2008, The New York Times announced that it would be combining certain sections effective October 6, 2008, in editions printed in the New York metropolitan area.^[64] The changes folded the Metro Section into the main International / National news section and combined Sports and Business (except Saturday through Monday, while Sports continues to be printed as a standalone section). This change also included having the Metro section called New York outside of the Tri-State Area. The presses used by The New York Times can allow four sections to be printed simultaneously; as the paper includes more than four sections on all days except for Saturday, the sections were required to be printed separately in an early press run and collated together. The changes allowed The New York Times to print in four sections Monday through Wednesday, in addition to Saturday. The New York Times‘ announcement stated that the number of news pages and employee positions would remain unchanged, with the paper realizing cost savings by cutting overtime expenses.^[14]

Because of its declining sales largely attributed to the rise of online news sources, favored especially by younger readers, and the decline of advertising revenue, the newspaper had been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,^[66] in common with a general trend among print news media. Following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million.^[67]

In 2009, the newspaper began production of local inserts in regions outside of the New York area. Beginning October 16, 2009, a two-page «Bay Area» insert was added to copies of the Northern California edition on Fridays and Sundays. The newspaper commenced production of a similar Friday and Sunday insert to the Chicago edition on November 20, 2009. The inserts consist of local news, policy, sports, and culture pieces, usually supported by local advertisements.

2010s

In December 2012, the Times published «Snow Fall», a six-part article about the 2012 Tunnel Creek avalanche which integrated videos, photos, and interactive graphics and was hailed as a watershed moment for online journalism.^[68][69]

In 2013, «How Y’all, Youse and You Guys Talk,» an interactive quiz created by intern Josh Katz,^[70] based on the Harvard Dialect Survey, which collected responses of more than 50,000 people answering 122 questions about the way they said different things across the United States^[71] became the Times most popular piece of content of the year.^[70]

In 2016, reporters for the newspaper were reportedly the target of cybersecurity breaches. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was reportedly investigating the attacks. The cybersecurity breaches have been described as possibly being related to cyberattacks that targeted other institutions, such as the Democratic National Committee.^[72]

During the 2016 presidential election, the Times played an important role in elevating the Hillary Clinton emails controversy into the most important subject of media coverage in the election which Clinton would lose narrowly to Donald Trump. The controversy received more media coverage than any other topic during the presidential campaign.^[73][74][75] Clinton and other observers argue that coverage of the emails controversy contributed to her loss in the election.^[76] According to a Columbia Journalism Review analysis, «in just six days, The New York Times ran as many cover stories about Hillary Clinton’s emails as they did about all policy issues combined in the 69 days leading up to the election (and that does not include the three additional articles on October 18, and November 6 and 7, or the two articles on the emails taken from John Podesta).»^[73]

In October 2018, the Times published a 14,218-word investigation into Donald Trump’s «self-made» fortune and tax avoidance, an 18-month project based on examination of 100,000 pages of documents. The extensive article ran as an eight-page feature in the print edition and also was adapted into a shortened 2,500 word listicle featuring its key takeaways.^[77] After the midweek front-page story, the Times also republished the piece as a 12-page «special report» section in the Sunday paper.^[78] During the lengthy investigation, Showtime cameras followed the Times‘ three investigative reporters for a half-hour documentary called The Family Business: Trump and Taxes, which aired the following Sunday.^[79][80][81] The report won a Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting.^[82]

In May 2019, The New York Times announced that it would present a television news program based on news from its individual reporters stationed around the world and that it would premiere on FX and Hulu.^[83]

2020s

In August 2021, the paper announced an effort to make 18 newsletters available only to subscribers, even though some of the most popular ones would remain free. Part of this was in response to competition from Substack.^{[84][85][86][87][88]}

In January 2022, the New York Times Company announced that it would acquire The Athletic, a subscription-based sports news website. The $550 million deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2022, and The Athletic‘s co-founders, Alex Mather and Adam Hansmann, would stay with the publication, which would continue to be run separately from the Times.^[89][90] Recode/Vox reported that this acquisition was part of an effort for the paper to get a younger, more diverse readership, as were offerings like games, cooking, and audio.^[91] The same month, the paper announced it was acquiring Wordle, a relatively new game that became popular rather quickly and that would remain free «initially.»^{[92][93][94][95][96][97]}

In April 2022, The New York Times published a three-part 20,000-word investigative series on Fox News host Tucker Carlson called «American Nationalist». The investigative series documents Carlson’s rise to prominence and his rhetoric on immigration, race relations and the COVID-19 pandemic.^{[98][99][100][101][102]} Carlson responded by saying that he has not read «American Nationalist» and does not plan to. He also denied allegations from the Times about obsessing over ratings, saying that «I’ve never read the ratings a single day in my life. I don’t even know how. Ask anyone at Fox,» and that «Most of the big positions I’ve taken in the past five years—against the neocons, the vax and the war [in Ukraine]—have been very unpopular with our audience at first.»^[98]

In December 2022, over 1,000 Times staffers staged a strike for the first time in over 40 years.^[103]

Headquarters building

The newspaper’s first building was located at 113 Nassau Street in New York City. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use.^[104]

The newspaper moved its headquarters to the Times Tower, located at 1475 Broadway in 1904,^[105] in an area then called Longacre Square, that was later renamed Times Square in the newspaper’s honor.^[106] The top of the building—now known as One Times Square—is the site of the New Year’s Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball, which was begun by the paper.^[107] The building is also known for its electronic news ticker—popularly known as «The Zipper»—where headlines crawl around the outside of the building.^[108] It is still in use, but has been operated by Dow Jones & Company since 1995.^[109] After nine years in its Times Square tower, the newspaper had an annex built at 229 West 43rd Street.^[110] After several expansions, the 43rd Street building became the newspaper’s main headquarters in 1960 and the Times Tower on Broadway was sold the following year.^[111] It served as the newspaper’s main printing plant until 1997, when the newspaper opened a state-of-the-art printing plant in the College Point section of Queens.^[112]

A decade later, The New York Times moved its newsroom and businesses headquarters from West 43rd Street to a new tower at 620 Eighth Avenue between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan, directly across Eighth Avenue from the Port Authority Bus Terminal. The new headquarters for the newspaper, known officially as The New York Times Building but unofficially called the new «Times Tower» by many New Yorkers, is a skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano.^[113][114]

Gender discrimination in employment

Discriminatory practices used by the paper long restricted women in appointments to editorial positions. The newspaper’s first general female reporter was Jane Grant, who described her experience afterward: «In the beginning I was charged not to reveal the fact that a female had been hired». Other reporters nicknamed her Fluff and she was subjected to considerable hazing. Because of her gender, any promotion was out of the question, according to the then-managing editor. She remained on the staff for fifteen years, interrupted by World War I.^[115]

In 1935, Anne McCormick wrote to Arthur Hays Sulzberger: «I hope you won’t expect me to revert to ‘woman’s-point-of-view’ stuff.»^[116] Later, she interviewed major political leaders and appears to have had easier access than her colleagues. Even witnesses of her actions were unable to explain how she gained the interviews she did.^[117] Clifton Daniel said, «[After World War II,] I’m sure Adenauer called her up and invited her to lunch. She never had to grovel for an appointment.»^[118]

Covering world leaders’ speeches after World War II at the National Press Club was limited to men by a club rule. When women were eventually allowed to hear the speeches directly, they were still not allowed to ask the speakers questions. Men were allowed and did ask, even though some of the women had won Pulitzer Prizes for prior work.^[119] Times reporter Maggie Hunter refused to return to the club after covering one speech on assignment.^[120] Nan Robertson’s article on the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, was read aloud as anonymous by a professor, who then said: «‘It will come as a surprise to you, perhaps, that the reporter is a girl,‘ he began… [G]asps; amazement in the ranks. ‘She had used all her senses, not just her eyes, to convey the smell and feel of the stockyards. She chose a difficult subject, an offensive subject. Her imagery was strong enough to revolt you.'»^[121] The New York Times hired Kathleen McLaughlin after ten years at the Chicago Tribune, where «[s]he did a series on maids, going out herself to apply for housekeeping jobs.»^[122]

Slogan

The New York Times has had one slogan. Since 1896, the newspaper’s slogan has been «All the News That’s Fit to Print.» In 1896, Adolph Ochs held a competition to attempt to find a replacement slogan, offering a $100 prize for the best one. Though he later announced that the original would not be changed, the prize would still be awarded. Entries included «News, Not Nausea»; «In One Word: Adequate»; «News Without Noise»; «Out Heralds The Herald, Informs The World, and Extinguishes The Sun«; «The Public Press is a Public Trust»; and the winner of the competition, «All the world’s news, but not a school for scandal.»^{[123][124][125][126]} On May 10, 1960, Wright Patman asked the FTC to investigate whether The New York Times’s slogan was misleading or false advertising. Within 10 days, the FTC responded that it was not.^[127]

Again in 1996, a competition was held to find a new slogan, this time for NYTimes.com. Over 8,000 entries were submitted, with «All the News That’s Fit to Print» found to be the best.^[128]

Organization

Meredith Kopit Levien has been president and chief executive officer since September 2020.^[129]

News staff

In addition to its New York City headquarters, the paper has newsrooms in London and Hong Kong.^[130][131] Its Paris newsroom, which had been the headquarters of the paper’s international edition, was closed in 2016, although the city remains home to a news bureau and an advertising office.^[132][133] The paper also has an editing and wire service center in Gainesville, Florida.^[134]

As of 2013, the newspaper had six news bureaus in the New York region, 14 elsewhere in the United States, and 24 in other countries.^[135]

In 2009, Russ Stanton, editor of the Los Angeles Times, a competitor, stated that the newsroom of The New York Times was twice the size of the Los Angeles Times, which had a newsroom of 600 at the time.^[136]

To facilitate their reporting and to hasten an otherwise lengthy process of reviewing many documents during preparation for publication, their interactive news team has adapted optical character recognition technology into a proprietary tool known as Document Helper.^[137] It enables the team to accelerate the processing of documents that need to be reviewed. During March 2019, they documented that this tool enabled them to process 900 documents in less than ten minutes in preparation for reporters to review the contents.^[138]

The newspaper’s editorial staff, including over 3,000 reporters and media staff, are unionized with NewsGuild. In 2021, the Times‘s digital technology staff formed a union with NewsGuild,^[139] which the company declined to voluntarily recognize.^[140]

Ochs-Sulzberger family

In 1896, Adolph Ochs bought The New York Times, a money-losing newspaper, and formed the New York Times Company. The Ochs-Sulzberger family, one of the United States’ newspaper dynasties, has owned The New York Times ever since.^[34] The publisher went public on January 14, 1969, trading at $42 a share on the American Stock Exchange.^[141] After this, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders are permitted restrictive voting rights, while Class B shareholders are allowed open voting rights.

The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88 percent of the company’s class B shares. Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The trust board members are Daniel H. Cohen, James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick, Susan W. Dryfoos, Michael Golden, Eric M. A. Lax, Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr., and Cathy J. Sulzberger.^[142]

Turner Catledge, the top editor at The New York Times from 1952 to 1968, wanted to hide the ownership influence. Arthur Sulzberger routinely wrote memos to his editor, each containing suggestions, instructions, complaints, and orders. When Catledge would receive these memos, he would erase the publisher’s identity before passing them to his subordinates. Catledge thought that if he removed the publisher’s name from the memos, it would protect reporters from feeling pressured by the owner.^[143]

Public editors

The position of public editor was established in 2003 to «investigate matters of journalistic integrity»; each public editor was to serve a two-year term.^[144] The post «was established to receive reader complaints and question Times journalists on how they make decisions.»^[145] The impetus for the creation of the public editor position was the Jayson Blair affair. Public editors were: Daniel Okrent (2003–2005), Byron Calame (2005–2007), Clark Hoyt (2007–2010) (served an extra year), Arthur S. Brisbane (2010–2012), Margaret Sullivan (2012–2016) (served a four-year term), and Elizabeth Spayd (2016–2017). In 2017, the Times eliminated the position of public editor.^[145]

Content

Editorial stance

The editorial pages of The New York Times are typically liberal in their position.^[20][21] In mid-2004, the newspaper’s then public editor (ombudsman), Daniel Okrent, wrote that «the Op-Ed page editors do an evenhanded job of representing a range of views in the essays from outsiders they publish – but you need an awfully heavy counterweight to balance a page that also bears the work of seven opinionated columnists, only two of whom could be classified as conservative (and, even then, of the conservative subspecies that supports legalization of gay unions and, in the case of William Safire, opposes some central provisions of the Patriot Act).»^[146]

The New York Times has not endorsed a Republican Party member for president since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956; since 1960, it has endorsed the Democratic Party nominee in every presidential election (see New York Times presidential endorsements).^[147] The New York Times did endorse incumbent moderate Republican mayors of New York City Rudy Giuliani in 1997,^[148] and Michael Bloomberg in 2005 and 2009.^[149] The Times also endorsed Republican New York state governor George Pataki for re-election in 2002.^[150]

Style

Unlike most U.S. daily newspapers, the Times relies on its own in-house stylebook rather than The Associated Press Stylebook. When referring to people, The New York Times generally uses honorifics rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, pop culture coverage,^[151] and the Book Review and Magazine).^[152]

The New York Times printed a display advertisement on its first page on January 6, 2009, breaking tradition at the paper.^[153] The advertisement, for CBS, was in color and ran the entire width of the page.^[154] The newspaper promised it would place first-page advertisements on only the lower half of the page.^[153]

In August 2014, the Times decided to use the word «torture» to describe incidents in which interrogators «inflicted pain on a prisoner in an effort to get information.» This was a shift from the paper’s previous practice of describing such practices as «harsh» or «brutal» interrogations.^[155]

The paper maintains a strict profanity policy. A 2007 review of a concert by the punk band Fucked Up, for example, completely avoided mention of the group’s name.^[156] The Times has on occasion published unfiltered video content that includes profanity and slurs where it has determined that such video has news value.^[157] During the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign, the Times did print the words «fuck» and «pussy,» among others, when reporting on the vulgar statements made by Donald Trump in a 2005 recording. Then-Times politics editor Carolyn Ryan said: «It’s a rare thing for us to use this language in our stories, even in quotes, and we discussed it at length.» Ryan said the paper ultimately decided to publish it because of its news value and because «[t]o leave it out or simply describe it seemed awkward and less than forthright to us, especially given that we would be running a video that showed our readers exactly what was said.»^[158]

Products

Print newspaper

In the absence of a major headline, the day’s most important story generally appears in the top-right column, on the main page. The typefaces used for the headlines are custom variations of Cheltenham. The running text is set at 8.7 point Imperial.^[159][160]

The newspaper is organized into three sections, including the magazine:

1. News: Includes International, National, Washington, Business, Technology, Science, Health, Sports, The Metro Section, Education, Weather, and Obituaries.
2. Opinion: Includes Editorials, Op-eds and Letters to the Editor.
3. Features: Includes Arts, Movies, Theater, Travel, NYC Guide, Food, Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword, The New York Times Book Review, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, The New York Times Magazine, and Sunday Review.

Some sections, such as Metro, are only found in the editions of the paper distributed in the New York–New Jersey–Connecticut tri-state area and not in the national or Washington, D.C. editions.^[161] Aside from a weekly roundup of reprints of editorial cartoons from other newspapers, The New York Times does not have its own staff editorial cartoonist, nor does it feature a comics page or Sunday comics section.^[162]

From 1851 to 2017, The New York Times published around 60,000 print issues containing about 3.5 million pages and 15 million articles.^[61]

Like most other American newspapers,^[164] The New York Times has experienced a decline in circulation. Its printed weekday circulation dropped by 50 percent to 540,000 copies from 2005 to 2017.^[163]

International Edition

The New York Times International Edition is a print version of the paper tailored for readers outside the United States. Formerly a joint venture with The Washington Post named The International Herald Tribune, The New York Times took full ownership of the paper in 2002 and has gradually integrated it more closely into its domestic operations.

Website

The New York Times began publishing daily on the World Wide Web on January 22, 1996, «offering readers around the world immediate access to most of the daily newspaper’s contents.»^[165] The website had 555 million pageviews and 15 million unique visitors in March 2005.^[166] By March 2020, this had risen to 2.5 billion pageviews and 240 million unique visitors.^[167]

As of May 2009, nytimes.com produced 22 of the 50 most popular newspaper blogs.^[168]

As of August 2020, the company had 6.5 million paid subscribers, out of which 5.7 million were subscribed to its digital content. In the period April–June 2020, it added 669,000 new digital subscribers.^[169]

Food section

The food section is supplemented on the web by properties for home cooks and for out-of-home dining. The New York Times Cooking (cooking.nytimes.com; also available via iOS app) provides access to more than 17,000 recipes on file as of November 2016,^[170] and availability of saving recipes from other sites around the web. The newspaper’s restaurant search (nytimes.com/reviews/dining) allows online readers to search NYC area restaurants by cuisine, neighborhood, price, and reviewer rating. The New York Times has also published several cookbooks, including The Essential New York Times Cookbook: Classic Recipes for a New Century, published in late 2010.

TimesSelect

In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as TimesSelect, which encompassed many previously free columns. Until being discontinued two years later, TimesSelect cost $7.95 per month or $49.95 per year,^[171] though it was free for print copy subscribers and university students and faculty.^[172][173] To avoid this charge, bloggers often reposted TimesSelect material,^[174] and at least one site once compiled links of reprinted material.^[175]

On September 17, 2007, The New York Times announced that it would stop charging for access to parts of its Web site, effective at midnight the following day, reflecting a growing view in the industry that subscription fees cannot outweigh the potential ad revenue from increased traffic on a free site.^[176]

Times columnists including Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman had criticized TimesSelect,^[177] with Friedman going so far as to say «I hate it. It pains me enormously because it’s cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India … I feel totally cut off from my audience.»^[178]

Paywall and digital subscriptions

In 2007, in addition to opening almost the entire site to all readers, The New York Times news archives from 1987 to the present were made available at no charge to non-subscribers,^[179] as well as those from 1851 to 1922, which are in the public domain.^[180]

Falling print advertising revenue and projections of continued decline resulted in a «metered paywall» being instituted in March 2011, limiting non-subscribers to a monthly allotment of 20 free on-line articles per month.^[181][182] This measure was regarded as modestly successful after garnering several hundred thousand subscriptions and about $100 million in revenue as of March 2012.^[183][184]

Beginning in April 2012, the number of free-access articles was halved from 20 to 10 articles per month.^[184] Any reader who wanted to access more would have to pay for a digital subscription. This plan allowed free access for occasional readers. Digital subscription rates for four weeks ranged from $15 to $35 depending on the package selected, with periodic new subscriber promotions offering four-week all-digital access for as low as 99¢. Subscribers to the paper’s print edition got full access without any additional fee. Some content, such as the front page and section fronts remained free, as well as the Top News page on mobile apps. In January 2013, The New York Times‘ Public Editor Margaret M. Sullivan announced that for the first time in many decades, the paper generated more revenue through subscriptions than through advertising.^[185]

In December 2017, the number of free articles per month was reduced from 10 to 5, the first change to the metered paywall since April 2012.^[186] An executive of the New York Times Company stated that the decision was motivated by «an all-time high» in the demand for journalism.^[186] A digital subscription to The New York Times cost $16 a month in 2017.^[186] As of December 2017, The New York Times had a total of 3.5 million paid subscriptions in both print and digital versions, and about 130 million monthly readers, more than double its audience two years previously.^[187] In February 2018, the New York Times Company reported increased revenue from the digital-only subscriptions, adding 157,000 new subscribers to a total of 2.6 million digital-only subscribers. Digital advertising also saw growth during this period. At the same time, advertising for the print version of the journal fell.^[188][189]

Mobile presence

Apps

In 2008, The New York Times was made available as an app for the iPhone and iPod Touch;^[190] as well as publishing an iPad app in 2010.^[191][192] The app allowed users to download articles to their mobile device enabling them to read the paper even when they were unable to receive a signal.^[193] As of October 2010, The New York Times iPad app is ad-supported and available for free without a paid subscription, but translated into a subscription-based model in 2011.^[191]

In 2010, The New York Times editors collaborated with students and faculty from New York University’s Studio 20 Journalism Masters program to launch and produce «The Local East Village», a hyperlocal blog designed to offer news «by, for and about the residents of the East Village».^[194] That same year, reCAPTCHA helped to digitize old editions of The New York Times.^[195]

In 2010, the newspaper also launched an app for Android smartphones, followed later by an app for Windows Phones.^[196]

Moreover, the Times was the first newspaper to offer a video game as part of its editorial content, Food Import Folly by Persuasive Games.^[197]

The Times Reader

The Times Reader is a digital version of The New York Times, created via a collaboration between the newspaper and Microsoft. Times Reader takes the principles of print journalism and applies them to the technique of online reporting, using a series of technologies developed by Microsoft and their Windows Presentation Foundation team. It was announced in Seattle in April 2006, by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., Bill Gates, and Tom Bodkin.^[198]

In 2009, the Times Reader 2.0 was rewritten in Adobe AIR.^[199] In December 2013, the newspaper announced that the Times Reader app would be discontinued as of January 6, 2014, urging readers of the app to instead begin using the subscription-only Today’s Paper app.^[200]

Podcasts

The New York Times began producing podcasts in 2006. Among the early podcasts were Inside The Times and Inside The New York Times Book Review. Several of the Times‘ podcasts were cancelled in 2012.^[201][202]

The Times returned to launching new podcasts in 2016, including Modern Love with WBUR.^[203] On January 30, 2017, The New York Times launched a news podcast, The Daily.^[204][205] In October 2018, NYT debuted The Argument with opinion columnists Ross Douthat, Michelle Goldberg and David Leonhardt. It is a weekly discussion about a single issue explained from the left, center, and right of the political spectrum.^[206]

Non-English versions

Chinese-language

In June 2012, The New York Times introduced its first official foreign-language variant, cn.nytimes.com, a Chinese-language news site viewable in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters. The project was led by Craig S. Smith on the business side and Philip P. Pan on the editorial side,^[207] with content created by staff based in Shanghai, Beijing, and Hong Kong, though the server was placed outside of China to avoid censorship issues.^[208]

The site’s initial success was interrupted in October that year following the publication of an investigative article^[b] by David Barboza about the finances of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao’s family.^[209] In retaliation for the article, the Chinese government blocked access to both nytimes.com and cn.nytimes.com inside the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Despite Chinese government interference, the Chinese-language operations continued to develop, briefly adding a second site, cn.nytstyle.com, iOS and Android apps, and newsletters, some of which are accessible inside the PRC. The China operations also produce print publications in Chinese. Traffic to cn.nytimes.com, meanwhile, has risen due to the widespread use of VPN technology in the PRC and to a growing Chinese audience outside mainland China.^[210] The New York Times articles are also available to users in China via the use of mirror websites, apps, domestic newspapers, and social media.^[210][211] The Chinese platforms now represent one of The New York Times‘ top five digital markets globally. The editor-in-chief of the Chinese platforms is Ching-Ching Ni.^[212]

The New York Times en Español (Spanish-language)

Between February 2016 and September 2019, The New York Times launched a standalone Spanish-language edition, The New York Times en Español. The Spanish-language version featured increased coverage of news and events in Latin America and Spain. The expansion into Spanish language news content allowed the newspaper to expand its audience into the Spanish speaking world and increase its revenue. The Spanish-language version was seen as a way to compete with the established El País newspaper of Spain, which bills itself the «global newspaper in Spanish.»^[213] Its Spanish version has a team of journalists in Mexico City as well as correspondents in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Miami, and Madrid, Spain.^[214][215] It was discontinued in September 2019, citing lack of financial success as the reason.^[216]

In March 2013, The New York Times and National Film Board of Canada announced a partnership titled A Short History of the Highrise, which will create four short documentaries for the Internet about life in high rise buildings as part of the NFB’s Highrise project, utilizing images from the newspaper’s photo archives for the first three films, and user-submitted images for the final film.^[217] The third project in the Short History of the Highrise series won a Peabody Award in 2013.^[218]

TimesMachine

The TimesMachine is a Web-based archive of scanned issues of The New York Times from 1851 through 2002.^[219]

Unlike The New York Times online archive, the TimesMachine presents scanned images of the actual newspaper.^[220] All non-advertising content can be displayed on a per-story basis in a separate PDF display page and saved for future reference.^[221] The archive is available to The New York Times subscribers, whether via home delivery or digital access.^[219]

––––––––––––––––––––

Interruptions

Because of holidays, no editions were printed on November 23, 1851; January 2, 1852; July 4, 1852; January 2, 1853; and January 1, 1854.^[222]

Because of strikes, the regular edition of The New York Times was not printed during the following periods:^[223]

• September 19, 1923, to September 26, 1923. An unauthorized local union strike prevented the publication of several New York papers, among them The New York Times. During this period «The Combined New York Morning Newspapers,» were published with summaries of the news.^[224]
• December 12, 1962, to March 31, 1963. Only a western edition was printed because of the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike.^[224]
• September 17, 1965, to October 10, 1965. An international edition was printed, and a weekend edition replaced the Saturday and Sunday papers.
• August 10, 1978, to November 5, 1978. The multi-union 1978 New York City newspaper strike shut down the three major New York City newspapers. No editions of The New York Times were printed.^[222] Two months into the strike, a parody of The New York Times called Not The New York Times was distributed in the city, with contributors such as Carl Bernstein, Christopher Cerf, Tony Hendra and George Plimpton.^[225]

The newspaper’s website was hacked on August 29, 2013, by the Syrian Electronic Army, a hacking group that supports the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The SEA managed to penetrate the paper’s domain name registrar, Melbourne IT, and alter DNS records for The New York Times, putting some of its websites out of service for hours.^[226]

Controversies

This article’s Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article’s neutrality by separating out potentially negative information. Please integrate the section’s contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (October 2021)

Ukraine

Walter Duranty, who served as its Moscow bureau chief from 1922 through 1936, has been criticized for a series of stories in 1931 on the Soviet Union and won a Pulitzer Prize for his work at that time. Criticism rose for his denial of widespread famine, known in Ukraine as the Holodomor, in the early 1930s in which he summarized Soviet propaganda, and the Times published, as fact: «Conditions are bad, but there is no famine».^{[227][228][229][230][231]}

In 2003, after the Pulitzer Board began a renewed inquiry, the Times hired Mark von Hagen, professor of Russian history at Columbia University, to review Duranty’s work. Von Hagen found Duranty’s reports to be unbalanced and uncritical, and that they far too often gave voice to Stalinist propaganda. In comments to the press he stated, «For the sake of The New York Times‘ honor, they should take the prize away.»^[232] The Ukrainian Weekly covered the efforts to rescind Duranty’s prize.^[233][234] The Times has since made a public statement and the Pulitzer committee has declined to rescind the award twice, stating that «Mr. Duranty’s 1931 work, measured by today’s standards for foreign reporting, falls seriously short. In that regard, the Board’s view is similar to that of The New York Times itself.»^[234][235]

World War II

Jerold Auerbach, a Guggenheim Fellow and Fulbright Lecturer, wrote in Print to Fit, The New York Times, Zionism and Israel, 1896–2016^[236] that it was of utmost importance to Adolph Ochs, the first Jewish owner of the paper, that in spite of the persecution of Jews in Germany, the Times, through its reporting, should never be classified as a «Jewish newspaper».^[237]

After Ochs’ death in 1935, his son-in-law Arthur Hays Sulzberger became the publisher of The New York Times and maintained the understanding that no reporting should reflect on the Times as a Jewish newspaper. Sulzberger shared Ochs’ concerns about the way Jews were perceived in American society. His apprehensions about judgement were manifested positively by his strong fidelity to the United States. At the same time, within the pages of The New York Times, Sulzberger refused to bring attention to Jews, including the refusal to identify Jews as major victims of Nazi genocide. Instead, many reports of Nazi-ordered slaughter identified Jewish victims as «persons.» The Times even opposed the rescue of Jewish refugees.^[238]

On November 14, 2001, in The New York Times‘ 150th-anniversary issue, in an article entitled «Turning Away From the Holocaust,» former executive editor Max Frankel wrote:

And then there was failure: none greater than the staggering, staining failure of The New York Times to depict Hitler’s methodical extermination of the Jews of Europe as a horror beyond all other horrors in World War II – a Nazi war within the war crying out for illumination.^[239]

According to Frankel, harsh judges of The New York Times «have blamed ‘self-hating Jews’ and ‘anti-Zionists’ among the paper’s owners and staff.» Frankel responded to this criticism by describing the fragile sensibilities of the Jewish owners of The New York Times:

Then, too, papers owned by Jewish families, like The Times, were plainly afraid to have a society that was still widely anti-Semitic misread their passionate opposition to Hitler as a merely parochial cause. Even some leading Jewish groups hedged their appeals for rescue lest they be accused of wanting to divert wartime energies.
At The Times, the reluctance to highlight the systematic slaughter of Jews was undoubtedly influenced by the views of the publisher, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. He believed strongly and publicly that Judaism was a religion, not a race or nationality – that Jews should be separate only in the way they worshiped. He thought they needed no state or political and social institutions of their own. He went to great lengths to avoid having The Times branded a Jewish newspaper. He resented other publications for emphasizing the Jewishness of people in the news.^[239]

In the same article, Frankel quotes Laurel Leff, associate professor of journalism at Northeastern University, who in 2000 had described how the newspaper downplayed Nazi Germany’s targeting of Jews for genocide.^[240]

November 1942 was a critical month for American Jews. After several months of delay, the U.S. State Department had confirmed already published information that Germany was engaged in the systematic extermination of European Jews. Newspaper reports put the death toll at one million and described the «most ruthless methods,» including mass gassings at special camps.^[240]

Yet at the beginning of November 1942, Sulzberger lobbied U.S. government officials against the founding of a homeland for Jews to escape to. The Times was silent on the matter of an increase in U.S. immigration quotas to permit more Jews to enter, and «actively supported the British Government’s restriction on legal immigration to Palestine even as the persecution of Jews intensified».^[240] Sulzberger described Jews as being of no more concern to Nazi Germany than Roman Catholic priests or Christian ministers, and that Jews certainly were not singled out for extermination.^[240]

Leff’s 2005 book Buried by the Times documents the paper’s tendency before, during, and after World War II to place deep inside its daily editions the news stories about the ongoing persecution and extermination of Jews, while obscuring in those stories the special impact of the Nazis’ crimes on Jews in particular. Leff attributes this dearth in part to the complex personal and political views of Sulzberger, concerning Jewishness, antisemitism, and Zionism.^[241]

Accusations of liberal bias

In 2004, the newspaper’s public editor Daniel Okrent said in an opinion piece that The New York Times did have a liberal bias in news coverage of certain social issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage.^[146] He stated that this bias reflected the paper’s cosmopolitanism, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City, writing that the coverage of the Times‘s Arts & Leisure; Culture; and the Sunday Times Magazine trend to the left.^[146]

If you’re examining the paper’s coverage of these subjects from a perspective that is neither urban nor Northeastern nor culturally seen-it-all; if you are among the groups The Times treats as strange objects to be examined on a laboratory slide (devout Catholics, gun owners, Orthodox Jews, Texans); if your value system wouldn’t wear well on a composite New York Times journalist, then a walk through this paper can make you feel you’re traveling in a strange and forbidding world.

Times public editor Arthur Brisbane wrote in 2012:^[242]

When The Times covers a national presidential campaign, I have found that the lead editors and reporters are disciplined about enforcing fairness and balance, and usually succeed in doing so. Across the paper’s many departments, though, so many share a kind of political and cultural progressivism — for lack of a better term — that this worldview virtually bleeds through the fabric of The Times.

The New York Times public editor (ombudsman) Elizabeth Spayd wrote in 2016 that «Conservatives and even many moderates, see in The Times a blue-state worldview» and accuse it of harboring a liberal bias. Spayd did not analyze the substance of the claim but did opine that the Times is «part of a fracturing media environment that reflects a fractured country. That in turn leads liberals and conservatives toward separate news sources.»^[243] Times executive editor Dean Baquet stated that he does not believe coverage has a liberal bias:^[243]

We have to be really careful that people feel like they can see themselves in The New York Times. I want us to be perceived as fair and honest to the world, not just a segment of it. It’s a really difficult goal. Do we pull it off all the time? No.

Jayson Blair plagiarism (2003)

In May 2003, The New York Times reporter Jayson Blair was forced to resign from the newspaper after he was caught plagiarizing and fabricating elements of his stories. Some critics contended that Blair’s race was a major factor in his hiring and in The New York Times‘ initial reluctance to fire him.^[244]

Iraq War (2003–06)

The Times supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[245] On May 26, 2004, more than a year after the war started, the newspaper asserted that some of its articles had not been as rigorous as they should have been, and were insufficiently qualified, frequently overly dependent upon information from Iraqi exiles desiring regime change.^[246]
The New York Times admitted «Articles based on dire claims about Iraq tended to get prominent display, while follow-up articles that called the original ones into question were sometimes buried. In some cases, there was no follow-up at all.» The paper said it was encouraged to report the claims by «United States officials convinced of the need to intervene in Iraq».^[247]

The New York Times was involved in a significant controversy regarding the allegations surrounding Iraq and weapons of mass destruction in September 2002.^[248] A front-page story was authored by Judith Miller which claimed that the Iraqi government was in the process of developing nuclear weapons was published.^[249] Miller’s story was cited by officials such as Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell, and Donald Rumsfeld as part of a campaign to commission the Iraq War.^[250] One of Miller’s prime sources was Ahmed Chalabi, an Iraqi expatriate who returned to Iraq after the U.S. invasion and held a number of governmental positions culminating in acting oil minister and deputy prime minister from May 2005 until May 2006.^{[251][252][253][254]} In 2005, negotiating a private severance package with Sulzberger, Miller retired after criticisms that her reporting of the lead-up to the Iraq War was factually inaccurate and overly favorable to the position of the Bush administration, for which The New York Times later apologized.^[255][256]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

A 2003 study in the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics concluded that The New York Times reporting was more favorable to Israelis than to Palestinians.^[257] A 2002 study published in the journal Journalism examined Middle East coverage of the Second Intifada over a one-month period in The New York Times, The Washington Post and the Chicago Tribune. The study authors said that the Times was «the most slanted in a pro-Israeli direction» with a bias «reflected…in its use of headlines, photographs, graphics, sourcing practices, and lead paragraphs.»^[258]

For its coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, some (such as Ed Koch) have claimed that the paper is pro-Palestinian, while others (such as As’ad AbuKhalil) have claimed that it is pro-Israel.^[259][260] The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, by political science professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, alleges The New York Times sometimes criticizes Israeli policies but is not even-handed and is generally pro-Israel.^[261] In 2009, the Simon Wiesenthal Center criticized the newspaper for printing cartoons regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that were described as «hideously anti-Semitic».^[262]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejected a proposal to write an article for the paper on grounds of lack of objectivity. A piece in which Thomas Friedman commented that praise given to Netanyahu during a speech at the U.S. Congress was «paid for by the Israel lobby» elicited an apology and clarification from its author.^[263]

The 1619 Project

The 1619 Project, a long-form journalism project re-evaluating slavery and its legacy in the United States led by investigative journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones, has received criticism from some historians.^[264][265]

In December 2019, twelve historians wrote to The New York Times Magazine,^[266] expressing concern over what they alleged were inaccuracies and falsehoods fundamental to Hannah-Jones’ reporting.^[267] The magazine’s editor-in-chief, Jake Silverstein, responded to the historians’ letter in an editorial, in which he called into question the historical accuracy of some of the letter’s claims.^[268] In an article in The Atlantic, historian Sean Wilentz responded to Silverstein, writing, «No effort to educate the public in order to advance social justice can afford to dispense with a respect for basic facts» and disputed the accuracy of Silverstein’s defense of the project.^[269]

In September 2020, the Times updated the opening text of the project website to remove the phrase «understanding 1619 as our true founding» without accompanying editorial notes. Times columnist Bret Stephens wrote that the differences showed that the newspaper was backing away from some of the initiative’s more controversial claims.^[270] The Times defended its practices, with Hannah-Jones emphasizing how most of the project’s content has remained unchanged.^[271][272]

Reputation

The Times has developed a national and international «reputation for thoroughness».^[273] Among journalists, the paper is held in high regard; a 1999 survey of newspaper editors conducted by the Columbia Journalism Review found that the Times was the «best» American paper, ahead of The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and Los Angeles Times.^[274][275] The Times also was ranked #1 in a 2011 «quality» ranking of U.S. newspapers by Daniel de Vise of The Washington Post; the objective ranking took into account the number of recent Pulitzer Prizes won, circulation, and perceived Web site quality.^[275] A 2012 report in WNYC called the Times «the most respected newspaper in the world.»^[276]

Nevertheless, like many other U.S. media sources, the Times has suffered from a decline in public perceptions of credibility in the U.S. in the early 21st century.^[277] A Pew Research Center survey in 2012 asked respondents about their views on credibility of various news organizations. Among respondents who gave a rating, 49% said that they believed «all or most» of the Times‘s reporting, while 50% disagreed. A large percentage (19%) of respondents were unable to rate believability. The Times‘s score was comparable to that of USA Today.^[277] Media analyst Brooke Gladstone of WNYC’s On the Media, writing for The New York Times, says that the decline in U.S. public trust of the mass media can be explained (1) by the rise of the polarized Internet-driven news; (2) by a decline in trust in U.S. institutions more generally; and (3) by the fact that «Americans say they want accuracy and impartiality, but the polls suggest that, actually, most of us are seeking affirmation.»^[278]

Awards

The New York Times has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper. The prize is awarded for excellence in journalism in a range of categories.^[279]

It has also, as of 2014, won three Peabody Awards and jointly received two.^[280] Peabody Awards are given for accomplishments in television, radio, and online media.

See also

• List of New York City newspapers and magazines
• List of The New York Times employees
• The New York Times Best Seller list
• The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge
• New York Times Index

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

• Davis, Elmer Holmes (1921). History of the New York Times, 1851–1921. The New York Times.
• Schwarz, Daniel R. (January 2, 2014). End Times? Crises and Turmoil at The New York Times, 1999–2009. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-3896-2. OCLC 802059662.
• Salisbury, Harrison E. (1980). Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times (First ed.). New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-0885-5.
• Taylor, S. J. (March 29, 1990). Stalin’s Apologist: Walter Duranty: The New York Times’s Man in Moscow (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505700-3.

External links

The New York Times

All the News That’s Fit to Print
Front page for March 26, 2018
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	The New York Times Company
Founder(s)	Henry Jarvis Raymond George Jones
Publisher	A. G. Sulzberger[1]
Editor-in-chief	Joseph Kahn[1]
Managing editor	Marc Lacey Carolyn Ryan[1]
Staff writers	2,000 news staff (2022)[2]
Founded	September 18, 1851; 171 years ago (as New-York Daily Times)
Headquarters	The New York Times Building, 620 Eighth Avenue New York City, NY, U.S.
Country	United States
Circulation	9,330,000 news subscribers 8,590,000 digital-only 740,000 print (as of November 2022[3])
Sister newspapers	International Herald Tribune (1967–2013) The New York Times International Edition (1943–1967; 2013–currently)
ISSN	0362-4331 (print) 1553-8095 (web)
OCLC number	1645522
Website	www.nytimes.com
Media of the United States List of newspapers

The New York Times (the Times, NYT, or the Gray Lady)^[4] is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2022 to comprise 740,000 paid print subscribers, and 8.6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as The Daily.^[5][6][7] Founded in 1851, it is published by The New York Times Company. The Times has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper,^[8] and has long been regarded as a national «newspaper of record».^[9] For print, it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S.^[10]

The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded, has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure.^[11] A. G. Sulzberger, the paper’s publisher and the company’s chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the paper.^[12][13]

Since the mid-1970s, The New York Times has expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features. Since 2008,^[14] the Times has been organized into the following sections: News, Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed, New York (metropolitan), Business, Sports, Arts, Science, Styles, Home, Travel, and other features.^[15] On Sundays, the Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review (formerly the Week in Review),^[16] The New York Times Book Review,^[17] The New York Times Magazine,^[18] and T: The New York Times Style Magazine.^[19] The editorial pages of The New York Times are typically liberal in their positions.^[20][21]

History

Origins

The New York Times was founded as the New-York Daily Times on September 18, 1851.^[a] Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the Times was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company.^[23] Early investors in the company included Edwin B. Morgan,^[24] Christopher Morgan,^[25] and Edward B. Wesley.^[26] Sold for a penny (equivalent to $0.33 in 2021), the inaugural edition attempted to address various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release:^[27]

We shall be Conservative, in all cases where we think Conservatism essential to the public good;—and we shall be Radical in everything which may seem to us to require radical treatment and radical reform. We do not believe that everything in Society is either exactly right or exactly wrong;—what is good we desire to preserve and improve;—what is evil, to exterminate, or reform.

In 1852, the newspaper started a western division, The Times of California, which arrived whenever a mail boat from New York docked in California. The effort failed once local California newspapers came into prominence.^[28]

On September 14, 1857, the newspaper officially shortened its name to The New-York Times. The hyphen in the city name was dropped on December 1, 1896.^[29] On April 21, 1861, The New York Times began publishing a Sunday edition to offer daily coverage of the Civil War.

The main office of The New York Times was attacked during the New York City draft riots. The riots, sparked by the institution of a draft for the Union Army, began on July 13, 1863. On «Newspaper Row», across from City Hall, co-founder Henry Raymond stopped the rioters with Gatling guns, early machine guns, one of which he wielded himself. The mob diverted, instead attacking the headquarters of abolitionist publisher Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune until being forced to flee by the Brooklyn City Police, who had crossed the East River to help the Manhattan authorities.^[30]

In 1869, Henry Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher.^[31]

The newspaper’s influence grew in 1870 and 1871, when it published a series of exposés on William Tweed, leader of the city’s Democratic Party — popularly known as «Tammany Hall» (from its early-19th-century meeting headquarters) — that led to the end of the Tweed Ring’s domination of New York’s City Hall.^[32] Tweed had offered The New York Times five million dollars (equivalent to 113 million dollars in 2021) to not publish the story.^[24]

In the 1880s, The New York Times gradually transitioned from supporting Republican Party candidates in its editorials to becoming more politically independent and analytical.^[33] In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland (former mayor of Buffalo and governor of New York) in his first presidential campaign.^[34] While this move cost The New York Times a portion of its readership among its more Republican readers (revenue declined from $188,000 to $56,000 from 1883 to 1884), the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years.^[35]

Ochs era

After George Jones died in 1891, Charles Ransom Miller and other New York Times editors raised $1 million (equivalent to $30 million in 2021) to buy the Times, printing it under the New York Times Publishing Company.^[36][37] The newspaper found itself in a financial crisis by the Panic of 1893,^[35] and by 1896, the newspaper had a circulation of less than 9,000 and was losing $1,000 a day. That year, Adolph Ochs, the publisher of the Chattanooga Times, gained a controlling interest in the company for $75,000.^[38]

Shortly after assuming control of the paper, Ochs coined the paper’s slogan, «All The News That’s Fit To Print». This slogan has endured, appearing in the paper since September 1896, and has been printed in a box in the upper left hand corner of the front page since early 1897.^[34] The slogan was seen as a jab at competing publications, such as Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal, which were known for a lurid, sensationalist and often inaccurate reporting of facts and opinions, described by the end of the century as «yellow journalism».^[39] Under Ochs’ guidance, aided by Carr Van Anda, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, and reputation; Sunday circulation went from under 9,000 in 1896 to 780,000 in 1934.^[38] Van Anda also created the newspaper’s photo library, now colloquially referred to as «the morgue.»^[40] In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, The New York Times, along with The Times, received the first on-the-spot wireless telegraph transmission from a naval battle: a report of the destruction of the Russian Navy’s Baltic Fleet, at the Battle of Port Arthur, from the press-boat Haimun.^[41] In 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began.^[34] In 1919, The New York Times‘ first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred by dirigible balloon. In 1920, during the 1920 Republican National Convention, a «4 A.M. Airplane Edition» was sent to Chicago by plane, so it could be in the hands of convention delegates by evening.^[42]

In 1920, Walter Lippmann and Charles Merz published «A Test of the News», about the Times’ coverage of the Russian Revolution. They concluded that its news stories were not based on facts, but «were determined by the hopes of the men who made up the news organisations.» The newspaper referred to events that had not taken place, atrocities that did not exist, and reported no fewer than 91 times that the Bolshevik regime was on the verge of collapse.^[43]

Post-war expansion

Ochs died in 1935^[44] and was succeeded as publisher by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger.^[45] Under his leadership, and that of his son-in-law (and successor),^[46] Orvil Dryfoos,^[47] the paper extended its breadth and reach, beginning in the 1940s. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section first appeared in 1946. The New York Times began an international edition in 1946. (The international edition stopped publishing in 1967, when The New York Times joined the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris.)

After only two years as publisher, Dryfoos died in 1963^[48] and was succeeded^[49] by his brother-in-law, Arthur Ochs «Punch» Sulzberger, who led the Times until 1992 and continued the expansion of the paper.^[50]

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

The paper’s involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring one of the key United States Supreme Court decisions supporting freedom of the press, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. In it, the United States Supreme Court established the «actual malice» standard for press reports about public officials or public figures to be considered defamatory or libelous. The malice standard requires the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case to prove the publisher of the statement knew the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. Because of the high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and difficulty proving malicious intent, such cases by public figures rarely succeed.^[51]

The Pentagon Papers (1971)

In 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States’ political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1967, were given («leaked») to Neil Sheehan of The New York Times by former State Department official Daniel Ellsberg, with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying them. The New York Times began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13. Controversy and lawsuits followed. The papers revealed, among other things, that the government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting airstrikes over Laos, raids along the coast of North Vietnam, and offensive actions were taken by the U.S. Marines well before the public was told about the actions, all while President Lyndon B. Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility gap for the U.S. government, and hurt efforts by the Nixon administration to fight the ongoing war.^[52]

When The New York Times began publishing its series, President Richard Nixon became incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger included «People have gotta be put to the torch for this sort of thing» and «Let’s get the son-of-a-bitch in jail.»^[53] After failing to get The New York Times to stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President Nixon obtained a federal court injunction that The New York Times cease publication of excerpts. The newspaper appealed and the case began working through the court system.

On June 18, 1971, The Washington Post began publishing its own series. Ben Bagdikian, a Post editor, had obtained portions of the papers from Ellsberg. That day the Post received a call from William Rehnquist, an assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, asking them to stop publishing. When the Post refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed.

On June 26, 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into New York Times Co. v. United States.^[54] On June 30, 1971, the Supreme Court held in a 6–3 decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had not met the burden of proof required. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it a lukewarm victory, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security were at stake.^[52]

Late 1970s–1990s

In the 1970s, the paper introduced a number of new lifestyle sections, including Weekend and Home, with the aim of attracting more advertisers and readers. Many criticized the move for betraying the paper’s mission.^[55] On September 7, 1976, the paper switched from an eight-column format to a six-column format. The overall page width stayed the same, with each column becoming wider.^[56] On September 14, 1987, the Times printed the heaviest-ever newspaper, at over 12 pounds (5.4 kg) and 1,612 pages.^[57]

In 1992, «Punch» Sulzberger stepped down as publisher; his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., succeeded him, first as publisher^[58] and then as chairman of the board in 1997.^[59] The Times was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997.^[60]

Digital era

Early digital content

The New York Times switched to a digital production process sometime before 1980, but only began preserving the resulting digital text that year.^[61] In 1983, the Times sold the electronic rights to its articles to LexisNexis. As the online distribution of news increased in the 1990s, the Times decided not to renew the deal and in 1994 the newspaper regained electronic rights to its articles.^[62] On January 22, 1996, NYTimes.com began publishing.^[63]

2000s

In August 2007, the paper reduced the physical size of its print edition, cutting the page width from 13.5 inches (34 cm) to a 12 inches (30 cm). This followed similar moves by a roster of other newspapers in the previous ten years, including USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post. The move resulted in a 5% reduction in news space, but (in an era of dwindling circulation and significant advertising revenue losses) also saved about $12 million a year.^[64][65]

In September 2008, The New York Times announced that it would be combining certain sections effective October 6, 2008, in editions printed in the New York metropolitan area.^[64] The changes folded the Metro Section into the main International / National news section and combined Sports and Business (except Saturday through Monday, while Sports continues to be printed as a standalone section). This change also included having the Metro section called New York outside of the Tri-State Area. The presses used by The New York Times can allow four sections to be printed simultaneously; as the paper includes more than four sections on all days except for Saturday, the sections were required to be printed separately in an early press run and collated together. The changes allowed The New York Times to print in four sections Monday through Wednesday, in addition to Saturday. The New York Times‘ announcement stated that the number of news pages and employee positions would remain unchanged, with the paper realizing cost savings by cutting overtime expenses.^[14]

Because of its declining sales largely attributed to the rise of online news sources, favored especially by younger readers, and the decline of advertising revenue, the newspaper had been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,^[66] in common with a general trend among print news media. Following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million.^[67]

In 2009, the newspaper began production of local inserts in regions outside of the New York area. Beginning October 16, 2009, a two-page «Bay Area» insert was added to copies of the Northern California edition on Fridays and Sundays. The newspaper commenced production of a similar Friday and Sunday insert to the Chicago edition on November 20, 2009. The inserts consist of local news, policy, sports, and culture pieces, usually supported by local advertisements.

2010s

In December 2012, the Times published «Snow Fall», a six-part article about the 2012 Tunnel Creek avalanche which integrated videos, photos, and interactive graphics and was hailed as a watershed moment for online journalism.^[68][69]

In 2013, «How Y’all, Youse and You Guys Talk,» an interactive quiz created by intern Josh Katz,^[70] based on the Harvard Dialect Survey, which collected responses of more than 50,000 people answering 122 questions about the way they said different things across the United States^[71] became the Times most popular piece of content of the year.^[70]

In 2016, reporters for the newspaper were reportedly the target of cybersecurity breaches. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was reportedly investigating the attacks. The cybersecurity breaches have been described as possibly being related to cyberattacks that targeted other institutions, such as the Democratic National Committee.^[72]

During the 2016 presidential election, the Times played an important role in elevating the Hillary Clinton emails controversy into the most important subject of media coverage in the election which Clinton would lose narrowly to Donald Trump. The controversy received more media coverage than any other topic during the presidential campaign.^[73][74][75] Clinton and other observers argue that coverage of the emails controversy contributed to her loss in the election.^[76] According to a Columbia Journalism Review analysis, «in just six days, The New York Times ran as many cover stories about Hillary Clinton’s emails as they did about all policy issues combined in the 69 days leading up to the election (and that does not include the three additional articles on October 18, and November 6 and 7, or the two articles on the emails taken from John Podesta).»^[73]

In October 2018, the Times published a 14,218-word investigation into Donald Trump’s «self-made» fortune and tax avoidance, an 18-month project based on examination of 100,000 pages of documents. The extensive article ran as an eight-page feature in the print edition and also was adapted into a shortened 2,500 word listicle featuring its key takeaways.^[77] After the midweek front-page story, the Times also republished the piece as a 12-page «special report» section in the Sunday paper.^[78] During the lengthy investigation, Showtime cameras followed the Times‘ three investigative reporters for a half-hour documentary called The Family Business: Trump and Taxes, which aired the following Sunday.^[79][80][81] The report won a Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting.^[82]

In May 2019, The New York Times announced that it would present a television news program based on news from its individual reporters stationed around the world and that it would premiere on FX and Hulu.^[83]

2020s

In August 2021, the paper announced an effort to make 18 newsletters available only to subscribers, even though some of the most popular ones would remain free. Part of this was in response to competition from Substack.^{[84][85][86][87][88]}

In January 2022, the New York Times Company announced that it would acquire The Athletic, a subscription-based sports news website. The $550 million deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2022, and The Athletic‘s co-founders, Alex Mather and Adam Hansmann, would stay with the publication, which would continue to be run separately from the Times.^[89][90] Recode/Vox reported that this acquisition was part of an effort for the paper to get a younger, more diverse readership, as were offerings like games, cooking, and audio.^[91] The same month, the paper announced it was acquiring Wordle, a relatively new game that became popular rather quickly and that would remain free «initially.»^{[92][93][94][95][96][97]}

In April 2022, The New York Times published a three-part 20,000-word investigative series on Fox News host Tucker Carlson called «American Nationalist». The investigative series documents Carlson’s rise to prominence and his rhetoric on immigration, race relations and the COVID-19 pandemic.^{[98][99][100][101][102]} Carlson responded by saying that he has not read «American Nationalist» and does not plan to. He also denied allegations from the Times about obsessing over ratings, saying that «I’ve never read the ratings a single day in my life. I don’t even know how. Ask anyone at Fox,» and that «Most of the big positions I’ve taken in the past five years—against the neocons, the vax and the war [in Ukraine]—have been very unpopular with our audience at first.»^[98]

In December 2022, over 1,000 Times staffers staged a strike for the first time in over 40 years.^[103]

Headquarters building

The newspaper’s first building was located at 113 Nassau Street in New York City. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use.^[104]

The newspaper moved its headquarters to the Times Tower, located at 1475 Broadway in 1904,^[105] in an area then called Longacre Square, that was later renamed Times Square in the newspaper’s honor.^[106] The top of the building—now known as One Times Square—is the site of the New Year’s Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball, which was begun by the paper.^[107] The building is also known for its electronic news ticker—popularly known as «The Zipper»—where headlines crawl around the outside of the building.^[108] It is still in use, but has been operated by Dow Jones & Company since 1995.^[109] After nine years in its Times Square tower, the newspaper had an annex built at 229 West 43rd Street.^[110] After several expansions, the 43rd Street building became the newspaper’s main headquarters in 1960 and the Times Tower on Broadway was sold the following year.^[111] It served as the newspaper’s main printing plant until 1997, when the newspaper opened a state-of-the-art printing plant in the College Point section of Queens.^[112]

A decade later, The New York Times moved its newsroom and businesses headquarters from West 43rd Street to a new tower at 620 Eighth Avenue between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan, directly across Eighth Avenue from the Port Authority Bus Terminal. The new headquarters for the newspaper, known officially as The New York Times Building but unofficially called the new «Times Tower» by many New Yorkers, is a skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano.^[113][114]

Gender discrimination in employment

Discriminatory practices used by the paper long restricted women in appointments to editorial positions. The newspaper’s first general female reporter was Jane Grant, who described her experience afterward: «In the beginning I was charged not to reveal the fact that a female had been hired». Other reporters nicknamed her Fluff and she was subjected to considerable hazing. Because of her gender, any promotion was out of the question, according to the then-managing editor. She remained on the staff for fifteen years, interrupted by World War I.^[115]

In 1935, Anne McCormick wrote to Arthur Hays Sulzberger: «I hope you won’t expect me to revert to ‘woman’s-point-of-view’ stuff.»^[116] Later, she interviewed major political leaders and appears to have had easier access than her colleagues. Even witnesses of her actions were unable to explain how she gained the interviews she did.^[117] Clifton Daniel said, «[After World War II,] I’m sure Adenauer called her up and invited her to lunch. She never had to grovel for an appointment.»^[118]

Covering world leaders’ speeches after World War II at the National Press Club was limited to men by a club rule. When women were eventually allowed to hear the speeches directly, they were still not allowed to ask the speakers questions. Men were allowed and did ask, even though some of the women had won Pulitzer Prizes for prior work.^[119] Times reporter Maggie Hunter refused to return to the club after covering one speech on assignment.^[120] Nan Robertson’s article on the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, was read aloud as anonymous by a professor, who then said: «‘It will come as a surprise to you, perhaps, that the reporter is a girl,‘ he began… [G]asps; amazement in the ranks. ‘She had used all her senses, not just her eyes, to convey the smell and feel of the stockyards. She chose a difficult subject, an offensive subject. Her imagery was strong enough to revolt you.'»^[121] The New York Times hired Kathleen McLaughlin after ten years at the Chicago Tribune, where «[s]he did a series on maids, going out herself to apply for housekeeping jobs.»^[122]

Slogan

The New York Times has had one slogan. Since 1896, the newspaper’s slogan has been «All the News That’s Fit to Print.» In 1896, Adolph Ochs held a competition to attempt to find a replacement slogan, offering a $100 prize for the best one. Though he later announced that the original would not be changed, the prize would still be awarded. Entries included «News, Not Nausea»; «In One Word: Adequate»; «News Without Noise»; «Out Heralds The Herald, Informs The World, and Extinguishes The Sun«; «The Public Press is a Public Trust»; and the winner of the competition, «All the world’s news, but not a school for scandal.»^{[123][124][125][126]} On May 10, 1960, Wright Patman asked the FTC to investigate whether The New York Times’s slogan was misleading or false advertising. Within 10 days, the FTC responded that it was not.^[127]

Again in 1996, a competition was held to find a new slogan, this time for NYTimes.com. Over 8,000 entries were submitted, with «All the News That’s Fit to Print» found to be the best.^[128]

Organization

Meredith Kopit Levien has been president and chief executive officer since September 2020.^[129]

News staff

In addition to its New York City headquarters, the paper has newsrooms in London and Hong Kong.^[130][131] Its Paris newsroom, which had been the headquarters of the paper’s international edition, was closed in 2016, although the city remains home to a news bureau and an advertising office.^[132][133] The paper also has an editing and wire service center in Gainesville, Florida.^[134]

As of 2013, the newspaper had six news bureaus in the New York region, 14 elsewhere in the United States, and 24 in other countries.^[135]

In 2009, Russ Stanton, editor of the Los Angeles Times, a competitor, stated that the newsroom of The New York Times was twice the size of the Los Angeles Times, which had a newsroom of 600 at the time.^[136]

To facilitate their reporting and to hasten an otherwise lengthy process of reviewing many documents during preparation for publication, their interactive news team has adapted optical character recognition technology into a proprietary tool known as Document Helper.^[137] It enables the team to accelerate the processing of documents that need to be reviewed. During March 2019, they documented that this tool enabled them to process 900 documents in less than ten minutes in preparation for reporters to review the contents.^[138]

The newspaper’s editorial staff, including over 3,000 reporters and media staff, are unionized with NewsGuild. In 2021, the Times‘s digital technology staff formed a union with NewsGuild,^[139] which the company declined to voluntarily recognize.^[140]

Ochs-Sulzberger family

In 1896, Adolph Ochs bought The New York Times, a money-losing newspaper, and formed the New York Times Company. The Ochs-Sulzberger family, one of the United States’ newspaper dynasties, has owned The New York Times ever since.^[34] The publisher went public on January 14, 1969, trading at $42 a share on the American Stock Exchange.^[141] After this, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders are permitted restrictive voting rights, while Class B shareholders are allowed open voting rights.

The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88 percent of the company’s class B shares. Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The trust board members are Daniel H. Cohen, James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick, Susan W. Dryfoos, Michael Golden, Eric M. A. Lax, Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr., and Cathy J. Sulzberger.^[142]

Turner Catledge, the top editor at The New York Times from 1952 to 1968, wanted to hide the ownership influence. Arthur Sulzberger routinely wrote memos to his editor, each containing suggestions, instructions, complaints, and orders. When Catledge would receive these memos, he would erase the publisher’s identity before passing them to his subordinates. Catledge thought that if he removed the publisher’s name from the memos, it would protect reporters from feeling pressured by the owner.^[143]

Public editors

The position of public editor was established in 2003 to «investigate matters of journalistic integrity»; each public editor was to serve a two-year term.^[144] The post «was established to receive reader complaints and question Times journalists on how they make decisions.»^[145] The impetus for the creation of the public editor position was the Jayson Blair affair. Public editors were: Daniel Okrent (2003–2005), Byron Calame (2005–2007), Clark Hoyt (2007–2010) (served an extra year), Arthur S. Brisbane (2010–2012), Margaret Sullivan (2012–2016) (served a four-year term), and Elizabeth Spayd (2016–2017). In 2017, the Times eliminated the position of public editor.^[145]

Content

Editorial stance

The editorial pages of The New York Times are typically liberal in their position.^[20][21] In mid-2004, the newspaper’s then public editor (ombudsman), Daniel Okrent, wrote that «the Op-Ed page editors do an evenhanded job of representing a range of views in the essays from outsiders they publish – but you need an awfully heavy counterweight to balance a page that also bears the work of seven opinionated columnists, only two of whom could be classified as conservative (and, even then, of the conservative subspecies that supports legalization of gay unions and, in the case of William Safire, opposes some central provisions of the Patriot Act).»^[146]

The New York Times has not endorsed a Republican Party member for president since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956; since 1960, it has endorsed the Democratic Party nominee in every presidential election (see New York Times presidential endorsements).^[147] The New York Times did endorse incumbent moderate Republican mayors of New York City Rudy Giuliani in 1997,^[148] and Michael Bloomberg in 2005 and 2009.^[149] The Times also endorsed Republican New York state governor George Pataki for re-election in 2002.^[150]

Style

Unlike most U.S. daily newspapers, the Times relies on its own in-house stylebook rather than The Associated Press Stylebook. When referring to people, The New York Times generally uses honorifics rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, pop culture coverage,^[151] and the Book Review and Magazine).^[152]

The New York Times printed a display advertisement on its first page on January 6, 2009, breaking tradition at the paper.^[153] The advertisement, for CBS, was in color and ran the entire width of the page.^[154] The newspaper promised it would place first-page advertisements on only the lower half of the page.^[153]

In August 2014, the Times decided to use the word «torture» to describe incidents in which interrogators «inflicted pain on a prisoner in an effort to get information.» This was a shift from the paper’s previous practice of describing such practices as «harsh» or «brutal» interrogations.^[155]

The paper maintains a strict profanity policy. A 2007 review of a concert by the punk band Fucked Up, for example, completely avoided mention of the group’s name.^[156] The Times has on occasion published unfiltered video content that includes profanity and slurs where it has determined that such video has news value.^[157] During the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign, the Times did print the words «fuck» and «pussy,» among others, when reporting on the vulgar statements made by Donald Trump in a 2005 recording. Then-Times politics editor Carolyn Ryan said: «It’s a rare thing for us to use this language in our stories, even in quotes, and we discussed it at length.» Ryan said the paper ultimately decided to publish it because of its news value and because «[t]o leave it out or simply describe it seemed awkward and less than forthright to us, especially given that we would be running a video that showed our readers exactly what was said.»^[158]

Products

Print newspaper

In the absence of a major headline, the day’s most important story generally appears in the top-right column, on the main page. The typefaces used for the headlines are custom variations of Cheltenham. The running text is set at 8.7 point Imperial.^[159][160]

The newspaper is organized into three sections, including the magazine:

1. News: Includes International, National, Washington, Business, Technology, Science, Health, Sports, The Metro Section, Education, Weather, and Obituaries.
2. Opinion: Includes Editorials, Op-eds and Letters to the Editor.
3. Features: Includes Arts, Movies, Theater, Travel, NYC Guide, Food, Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword, The New York Times Book Review, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, The New York Times Magazine, and Sunday Review.

Some sections, such as Metro, are only found in the editions of the paper distributed in the New York–New Jersey–Connecticut tri-state area and not in the national or Washington, D.C. editions.^[161] Aside from a weekly roundup of reprints of editorial cartoons from other newspapers, The New York Times does not have its own staff editorial cartoonist, nor does it feature a comics page or Sunday comics section.^[162]

From 1851 to 2017, The New York Times published around 60,000 print issues containing about 3.5 million pages and 15 million articles.^[61]

Like most other American newspapers,^[164] The New York Times has experienced a decline in circulation. Its printed weekday circulation dropped by 50 percent to 540,000 copies from 2005 to 2017.^[163]

International Edition

The New York Times International Edition is a print version of the paper tailored for readers outside the United States. Formerly a joint venture with The Washington Post named The International Herald Tribune, The New York Times took full ownership of the paper in 2002 and has gradually integrated it more closely into its domestic operations.

Website

The New York Times began publishing daily on the World Wide Web on January 22, 1996, «offering readers around the world immediate access to most of the daily newspaper’s contents.»^[165] The website had 555 million pageviews and 15 million unique visitors in March 2005.^[166] By March 2020, this had risen to 2.5 billion pageviews and 240 million unique visitors.^[167]

As of May 2009, nytimes.com produced 22 of the 50 most popular newspaper blogs.^[168]

As of August 2020, the company had 6.5 million paid subscribers, out of which 5.7 million were subscribed to its digital content. In the period April–June 2020, it added 669,000 new digital subscribers.^[169]

Food section

The food section is supplemented on the web by properties for home cooks and for out-of-home dining. The New York Times Cooking (cooking.nytimes.com; also available via iOS app) provides access to more than 17,000 recipes on file as of November 2016,^[170] and availability of saving recipes from other sites around the web. The newspaper’s restaurant search (nytimes.com/reviews/dining) allows online readers to search NYC area restaurants by cuisine, neighborhood, price, and reviewer rating. The New York Times has also published several cookbooks, including The Essential New York Times Cookbook: Classic Recipes for a New Century, published in late 2010.

TimesSelect

In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as TimesSelect, which encompassed many previously free columns. Until being discontinued two years later, TimesSelect cost $7.95 per month or $49.95 per year,^[171] though it was free for print copy subscribers and university students and faculty.^[172][173] To avoid this charge, bloggers often reposted TimesSelect material,^[174] and at least one site once compiled links of reprinted material.^[175]

On September 17, 2007, The New York Times announced that it would stop charging for access to parts of its Web site, effective at midnight the following day, reflecting a growing view in the industry that subscription fees cannot outweigh the potential ad revenue from increased traffic on a free site.^[176]

Times columnists including Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman had criticized TimesSelect,^[177] with Friedman going so far as to say «I hate it. It pains me enormously because it’s cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India … I feel totally cut off from my audience.»^[178]

Paywall and digital subscriptions

In 2007, in addition to opening almost the entire site to all readers, The New York Times news archives from 1987 to the present were made available at no charge to non-subscribers,^[179] as well as those from 1851 to 1922, which are in the public domain.^[180]

Falling print advertising revenue and projections of continued decline resulted in a «metered paywall» being instituted in March 2011, limiting non-subscribers to a monthly allotment of 20 free on-line articles per month.^[181][182] This measure was regarded as modestly successful after garnering several hundred thousand subscriptions and about $100 million in revenue as of March 2012.^[183][184]

Beginning in April 2012, the number of free-access articles was halved from 20 to 10 articles per month.^[184] Any reader who wanted to access more would have to pay for a digital subscription. This plan allowed free access for occasional readers. Digital subscription rates for four weeks ranged from $15 to $35 depending on the package selected, with periodic new subscriber promotions offering four-week all-digital access for as low as 99¢. Subscribers to the paper’s print edition got full access without any additional fee. Some content, such as the front page and section fronts remained free, as well as the Top News page on mobile apps. In January 2013, The New York Times‘ Public Editor Margaret M. Sullivan announced that for the first time in many decades, the paper generated more revenue through subscriptions than through advertising.^[185]

In December 2017, the number of free articles per month was reduced from 10 to 5, the first change to the metered paywall since April 2012.^[186] An executive of the New York Times Company stated that the decision was motivated by «an all-time high» in the demand for journalism.^[186] A digital subscription to The New York Times cost $16 a month in 2017.^[186] As of December 2017, The New York Times had a total of 3.5 million paid subscriptions in both print and digital versions, and about 130 million monthly readers, more than double its audience two years previously.^[187] In February 2018, the New York Times Company reported increased revenue from the digital-only subscriptions, adding 157,000 new subscribers to a total of 2.6 million digital-only subscribers. Digital advertising also saw growth during this period. At the same time, advertising for the print version of the journal fell.^[188][189]

Mobile presence

Apps

In 2008, The New York Times was made available as an app for the iPhone and iPod Touch;^[190] as well as publishing an iPad app in 2010.^[191][192] The app allowed users to download articles to their mobile device enabling them to read the paper even when they were unable to receive a signal.^[193] As of October 2010, The New York Times iPad app is ad-supported and available for free without a paid subscription, but translated into a subscription-based model in 2011.^[191]

In 2010, The New York Times editors collaborated with students and faculty from New York University’s Studio 20 Journalism Masters program to launch and produce «The Local East Village», a hyperlocal blog designed to offer news «by, for and about the residents of the East Village».^[194] That same year, reCAPTCHA helped to digitize old editions of The New York Times.^[195]

In 2010, the newspaper also launched an app for Android smartphones, followed later by an app for Windows Phones.^[196]

Moreover, the Times was the first newspaper to offer a video game as part of its editorial content, Food Import Folly by Persuasive Games.^[197]

The Times Reader

The Times Reader is a digital version of The New York Times, created via a collaboration between the newspaper and Microsoft. Times Reader takes the principles of print journalism and applies them to the technique of online reporting, using a series of technologies developed by Microsoft and their Windows Presentation Foundation team. It was announced in Seattle in April 2006, by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., Bill Gates, and Tom Bodkin.^[198]

In 2009, the Times Reader 2.0 was rewritten in Adobe AIR.^[199] In December 2013, the newspaper announced that the Times Reader app would be discontinued as of January 6, 2014, urging readers of the app to instead begin using the subscription-only Today’s Paper app.^[200]

Podcasts

The New York Times began producing podcasts in 2006. Among the early podcasts were Inside The Times and Inside The New York Times Book Review. Several of the Times‘ podcasts were cancelled in 2012.^[201][202]

The Times returned to launching new podcasts in 2016, including Modern Love with WBUR.^[203] On January 30, 2017, The New York Times launched a news podcast, The Daily.^[204][205] In October 2018, NYT debuted The Argument with opinion columnists Ross Douthat, Michelle Goldberg and David Leonhardt. It is a weekly discussion about a single issue explained from the left, center, and right of the political spectrum.^[206]

Non-English versions

Chinese-language

In June 2012, The New York Times introduced its first official foreign-language variant, cn.nytimes.com, a Chinese-language news site viewable in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters. The project was led by Craig S. Smith on the business side and Philip P. Pan on the editorial side,^[207] with content created by staff based in Shanghai, Beijing, and Hong Kong, though the server was placed outside of China to avoid censorship issues.^[208]

The site’s initial success was interrupted in October that year following the publication of an investigative article^[b] by David Barboza about the finances of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao’s family.^[209] In retaliation for the article, the Chinese government blocked access to both nytimes.com and cn.nytimes.com inside the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Despite Chinese government interference, the Chinese-language operations continued to develop, briefly adding a second site, cn.nytstyle.com, iOS and Android apps, and newsletters, some of which are accessible inside the PRC. The China operations also produce print publications in Chinese. Traffic to cn.nytimes.com, meanwhile, has risen due to the widespread use of VPN technology in the PRC and to a growing Chinese audience outside mainland China.^[210] The New York Times articles are also available to users in China via the use of mirror websites, apps, domestic newspapers, and social media.^[210][211] The Chinese platforms now represent one of The New York Times‘ top five digital markets globally. The editor-in-chief of the Chinese platforms is Ching-Ching Ni.^[212]

The New York Times en Español (Spanish-language)

Between February 2016 and September 2019, The New York Times launched a standalone Spanish-language edition, The New York Times en Español. The Spanish-language version featured increased coverage of news and events in Latin America and Spain. The expansion into Spanish language news content allowed the newspaper to expand its audience into the Spanish speaking world and increase its revenue. The Spanish-language version was seen as a way to compete with the established El País newspaper of Spain, which bills itself the «global newspaper in Spanish.»^[213] Its Spanish version has a team of journalists in Mexico City as well as correspondents in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Miami, and Madrid, Spain.^[214][215] It was discontinued in September 2019, citing lack of financial success as the reason.^[216]

In March 2013, The New York Times and National Film Board of Canada announced a partnership titled A Short History of the Highrise, which will create four short documentaries for the Internet about life in high rise buildings as part of the NFB’s Highrise project, utilizing images from the newspaper’s photo archives for the first three films, and user-submitted images for the final film.^[217] The third project in the Short History of the Highrise series won a Peabody Award in 2013.^[218]

TimesMachine

The TimesMachine is a Web-based archive of scanned issues of The New York Times from 1851 through 2002.^[219]

Unlike The New York Times online archive, the TimesMachine presents scanned images of the actual newspaper.^[220] All non-advertising content can be displayed on a per-story basis in a separate PDF display page and saved for future reference.^[221] The archive is available to The New York Times subscribers, whether via home delivery or digital access.^[219]

––––––––––––––––––––

Interruptions

Because of holidays, no editions were printed on November 23, 1851; January 2, 1852; July 4, 1852; January 2, 1853; and January 1, 1854.^[222]

Because of strikes, the regular edition of The New York Times was not printed during the following periods:^[223]

• September 19, 1923, to September 26, 1923. An unauthorized local union strike prevented the publication of several New York papers, among them The New York Times. During this period «The Combined New York Morning Newspapers,» were published with summaries of the news.^[224]
• December 12, 1962, to March 31, 1963. Only a western edition was printed because of the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike.^[224]
• September 17, 1965, to October 10, 1965. An international edition was printed, and a weekend edition replaced the Saturday and Sunday papers.
• August 10, 1978, to November 5, 1978. The multi-union 1978 New York City newspaper strike shut down the three major New York City newspapers. No editions of The New York Times were printed.^[222] Two months into the strike, a parody of The New York Times called Not The New York Times was distributed in the city, with contributors such as Carl Bernstein, Christopher Cerf, Tony Hendra and George Plimpton.^[225]

The newspaper’s website was hacked on August 29, 2013, by the Syrian Electronic Army, a hacking group that supports the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The SEA managed to penetrate the paper’s domain name registrar, Melbourne IT, and alter DNS records for The New York Times, putting some of its websites out of service for hours.^[226]

Controversies

This article’s Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article’s neutrality by separating out potentially negative information. Please integrate the section’s contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (October 2021)

Ukraine

Walter Duranty, who served as its Moscow bureau chief from 1922 through 1936, has been criticized for a series of stories in 1931 on the Soviet Union and won a Pulitzer Prize for his work at that time. Criticism rose for his denial of widespread famine, known in Ukraine as the Holodomor, in the early 1930s in which he summarized Soviet propaganda, and the Times published, as fact: «Conditions are bad, but there is no famine».^{[227][228][229][230][231]}

In 2003, after the Pulitzer Board began a renewed inquiry, the Times hired Mark von Hagen, professor of Russian history at Columbia University, to review Duranty’s work. Von Hagen found Duranty’s reports to be unbalanced and uncritical, and that they far too often gave voice to Stalinist propaganda. In comments to the press he stated, «For the sake of The New York Times‘ honor, they should take the prize away.»^[232] The Ukrainian Weekly covered the efforts to rescind Duranty’s prize.^[233][234] The Times has since made a public statement and the Pulitzer committee has declined to rescind the award twice, stating that «Mr. Duranty’s 1931 work, measured by today’s standards for foreign reporting, falls seriously short. In that regard, the Board’s view is similar to that of The New York Times itself.»^[234][235]

World War II

Jerold Auerbach, a Guggenheim Fellow and Fulbright Lecturer, wrote in Print to Fit, The New York Times, Zionism and Israel, 1896–2016^[236] that it was of utmost importance to Adolph Ochs, the first Jewish owner of the paper, that in spite of the persecution of Jews in Germany, the Times, through its reporting, should never be classified as a «Jewish newspaper».^[237]

After Ochs’ death in 1935, his son-in-law Arthur Hays Sulzberger became the publisher of The New York Times and maintained the understanding that no reporting should reflect on the Times as a Jewish newspaper. Sulzberger shared Ochs’ concerns about the way Jews were perceived in American society. His apprehensions about judgement were manifested positively by his strong fidelity to the United States. At the same time, within the pages of The New York Times, Sulzberger refused to bring attention to Jews, including the refusal to identify Jews as major victims of Nazi genocide. Instead, many reports of Nazi-ordered slaughter identified Jewish victims as «persons.» The Times even opposed the rescue of Jewish refugees.^[238]

On November 14, 2001, in The New York Times‘ 150th-anniversary issue, in an article entitled «Turning Away From the Holocaust,» former executive editor Max Frankel wrote:

And then there was failure: none greater than the staggering, staining failure of The New York Times to depict Hitler’s methodical extermination of the Jews of Europe as a horror beyond all other horrors in World War II – a Nazi war within the war crying out for illumination.^[239]

According to Frankel, harsh judges of The New York Times «have blamed ‘self-hating Jews’ and ‘anti-Zionists’ among the paper’s owners and staff.» Frankel responded to this criticism by describing the fragile sensibilities of the Jewish owners of The New York Times:

Then, too, papers owned by Jewish families, like The Times, were plainly afraid to have a society that was still widely anti-Semitic misread their passionate opposition to Hitler as a merely parochial cause. Even some leading Jewish groups hedged their appeals for rescue lest they be accused of wanting to divert wartime energies.
At The Times, the reluctance to highlight the systematic slaughter of Jews was undoubtedly influenced by the views of the publisher, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. He believed strongly and publicly that Judaism was a religion, not a race or nationality – that Jews should be separate only in the way they worshiped. He thought they needed no state or political and social institutions of their own. He went to great lengths to avoid having The Times branded a Jewish newspaper. He resented other publications for emphasizing the Jewishness of people in the news.^[239]

In the same article, Frankel quotes Laurel Leff, associate professor of journalism at Northeastern University, who in 2000 had described how the newspaper downplayed Nazi Germany’s targeting of Jews for genocide.^[240]

November 1942 was a critical month for American Jews. After several months of delay, the U.S. State Department had confirmed already published information that Germany was engaged in the systematic extermination of European Jews. Newspaper reports put the death toll at one million and described the «most ruthless methods,» including mass gassings at special camps.^[240]

Yet at the beginning of November 1942, Sulzberger lobbied U.S. government officials against the founding of a homeland for Jews to escape to. The Times was silent on the matter of an increase in U.S. immigration quotas to permit more Jews to enter, and «actively supported the British Government’s restriction on legal immigration to Palestine even as the persecution of Jews intensified».^[240] Sulzberger described Jews as being of no more concern to Nazi Germany than Roman Catholic priests or Christian ministers, and that Jews certainly were not singled out for extermination.^[240]

Leff’s 2005 book Buried by the Times documents the paper’s tendency before, during, and after World War II to place deep inside its daily editions the news stories about the ongoing persecution and extermination of Jews, while obscuring in those stories the special impact of the Nazis’ crimes on Jews in particular. Leff attributes this dearth in part to the complex personal and political views of Sulzberger, concerning Jewishness, antisemitism, and Zionism.^[241]

Accusations of liberal bias

In 2004, the newspaper’s public editor Daniel Okrent said in an opinion piece that The New York Times did have a liberal bias in news coverage of certain social issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage.^[146] He stated that this bias reflected the paper’s cosmopolitanism, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City, writing that the coverage of the Times‘s Arts & Leisure; Culture; and the Sunday Times Magazine trend to the left.^[146]

If you’re examining the paper’s coverage of these subjects from a perspective that is neither urban nor Northeastern nor culturally seen-it-all; if you are among the groups The Times treats as strange objects to be examined on a laboratory slide (devout Catholics, gun owners, Orthodox Jews, Texans); if your value system wouldn’t wear well on a composite New York Times journalist, then a walk through this paper can make you feel you’re traveling in a strange and forbidding world.

Times public editor Arthur Brisbane wrote in 2012:^[242]

When The Times covers a national presidential campaign, I have found that the lead editors and reporters are disciplined about enforcing fairness and balance, and usually succeed in doing so. Across the paper’s many departments, though, so many share a kind of political and cultural progressivism — for lack of a better term — that this worldview virtually bleeds through the fabric of The Times.

The New York Times public editor (ombudsman) Elizabeth Spayd wrote in 2016 that «Conservatives and even many moderates, see in The Times a blue-state worldview» and accuse it of harboring a liberal bias. Spayd did not analyze the substance of the claim but did opine that the Times is «part of a fracturing media environment that reflects a fractured country. That in turn leads liberals and conservatives toward separate news sources.»^[243] Times executive editor Dean Baquet stated that he does not believe coverage has a liberal bias:^[243]

We have to be really careful that people feel like they can see themselves in The New York Times. I want us to be perceived as fair and honest to the world, not just a segment of it. It’s a really difficult goal. Do we pull it off all the time? No.

Jayson Blair plagiarism (2003)

In May 2003, The New York Times reporter Jayson Blair was forced to resign from the newspaper after he was caught plagiarizing and fabricating elements of his stories. Some critics contended that Blair’s race was a major factor in his hiring and in The New York Times‘ initial reluctance to fire him.^[244]

Iraq War (2003–06)

The Times supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[245] On May 26, 2004, more than a year after the war started, the newspaper asserted that some of its articles had not been as rigorous as they should have been, and were insufficiently qualified, frequently overly dependent upon information from Iraqi exiles desiring regime change.^[246]
The New York Times admitted «Articles based on dire claims about Iraq tended to get prominent display, while follow-up articles that called the original ones into question were sometimes buried. In some cases, there was no follow-up at all.» The paper said it was encouraged to report the claims by «United States officials convinced of the need to intervene in Iraq».^[247]

The New York Times was involved in a significant controversy regarding the allegations surrounding Iraq and weapons of mass destruction in September 2002.^[248] A front-page story was authored by Judith Miller which claimed that the Iraqi government was in the process of developing nuclear weapons was published.^[249] Miller’s story was cited by officials such as Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell, and Donald Rumsfeld as part of a campaign to commission the Iraq War.^[250] One of Miller’s prime sources was Ahmed Chalabi, an Iraqi expatriate who returned to Iraq after the U.S. invasion and held a number of governmental positions culminating in acting oil minister and deputy prime minister from May 2005 until May 2006.^{[251][252][253][254]} In 2005, negotiating a private severance package with Sulzberger, Miller retired after criticisms that her reporting of the lead-up to the Iraq War was factually inaccurate and overly favorable to the position of the Bush administration, for which The New York Times later apologized.^[255][256]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

A 2003 study in the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics concluded that The New York Times reporting was more favorable to Israelis than to Palestinians.^[257] A 2002 study published in the journal Journalism examined Middle East coverage of the Second Intifada over a one-month period in The New York Times, The Washington Post and the Chicago Tribune. The study authors said that the Times was «the most slanted in a pro-Israeli direction» with a bias «reflected…in its use of headlines, photographs, graphics, sourcing practices, and lead paragraphs.»^[258]

For its coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, some (such as Ed Koch) have claimed that the paper is pro-Palestinian, while others (such as As’ad AbuKhalil) have claimed that it is pro-Israel.^[259][260] The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, by political science professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, alleges The New York Times sometimes criticizes Israeli policies but is not even-handed and is generally pro-Israel.^[261] In 2009, the Simon Wiesenthal Center criticized the newspaper for printing cartoons regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that were described as «hideously anti-Semitic».^[262]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejected a proposal to write an article for the paper on grounds of lack of objectivity. A piece in which Thomas Friedman commented that praise given to Netanyahu during a speech at the U.S. Congress was «paid for by the Israel lobby» elicited an apology and clarification from its author.^[263]

The 1619 Project

The 1619 Project, a long-form journalism project re-evaluating slavery and its legacy in the United States led by investigative journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones, has received criticism from some historians.^[264][265]

In December 2019, twelve historians wrote to The New York Times Magazine,^[266] expressing concern over what they alleged were inaccuracies and falsehoods fundamental to Hannah-Jones’ reporting.^[267] The magazine’s editor-in-chief, Jake Silverstein, responded to the historians’ letter in an editorial, in which he called into question the historical accuracy of some of the letter’s claims.^[268] In an article in The Atlantic, historian Sean Wilentz responded to Silverstein, writing, «No effort to educate the public in order to advance social justice can afford to dispense with a respect for basic facts» and disputed the accuracy of Silverstein’s defense of the project.^[269]

In September 2020, the Times updated the opening text of the project website to remove the phrase «understanding 1619 as our true founding» without accompanying editorial notes. Times columnist Bret Stephens wrote that the differences showed that the newspaper was backing away from some of the initiative’s more controversial claims.^[270] The Times defended its practices, with Hannah-Jones emphasizing how most of the project’s content has remained unchanged.^[271][272]

Reputation

The Times has developed a national and international «reputation for thoroughness».^[273] Among journalists, the paper is held in high regard; a 1999 survey of newspaper editors conducted by the Columbia Journalism Review found that the Times was the «best» American paper, ahead of The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and Los Angeles Times.^[274][275] The Times also was ranked #1 in a 2011 «quality» ranking of U.S. newspapers by Daniel de Vise of The Washington Post; the objective ranking took into account the number of recent Pulitzer Prizes won, circulation, and perceived Web site quality.^[275] A 2012 report in WNYC called the Times «the most respected newspaper in the world.»^[276]

Nevertheless, like many other U.S. media sources, the Times has suffered from a decline in public perceptions of credibility in the U.S. in the early 21st century.^[277] A Pew Research Center survey in 2012 asked respondents about their views on credibility of various news organizations. Among respondents who gave a rating, 49% said that they believed «all or most» of the Times‘s reporting, while 50% disagreed. A large percentage (19%) of respondents were unable to rate believability. The Times‘s score was comparable to that of USA Today.^[277] Media analyst Brooke Gladstone of WNYC’s On the Media, writing for The New York Times, says that the decline in U.S. public trust of the mass media can be explained (1) by the rise of the polarized Internet-driven news; (2) by a decline in trust in U.S. institutions more generally; and (3) by the fact that «Americans say they want accuracy and impartiality, but the polls suggest that, actually, most of us are seeking affirmation.»^[278]

Awards

The New York Times has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper. The prize is awarded for excellence in journalism in a range of categories.^[279]

It has also, as of 2014, won three Peabody Awards and jointly received two.^[280] Peabody Awards are given for accomplishments in television, radio, and online media.

See also

• List of New York City newspapers and magazines
• List of The New York Times employees
• The New York Times Best Seller list
• The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge
• New York Times Index

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

• Davis, Elmer Holmes (1921). History of the New York Times, 1851–1921. The New York Times.
• Schwarz, Daniel R. (January 2, 2014). End Times? Crises and Turmoil at The New York Times, 1999–2009. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-3896-2. OCLC 802059662.
• Salisbury, Harrison E. (1980). Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times (First ed.). New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-0885-5.
• Taylor, S. J. (March 29, 1990). Stalin’s Apologist: Walter Duranty: The New York Times’s Man in Moscow (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505700-3.

External links

«Нью-Йорк таймс»

Полезное

new york times — перевод на русский

Показать ещё примеры для «нью-йорк таймс»…

Показать ещё примеры для «нью йорк таймс»…

Показать ещё примеры для «iнью йорк таймс»…

6 Критика и споры

• 6.1 Неспособность сообщить о голоде в Украине
• 6.2 Вторая мировая война
• 6.3 Обвинения в либеральной предвзятости
  • 6.3.1 Выборы 2016
• 6.4 Плагиат Джейсона Блэра (2003)
• 6.5 Война в Ираке (2003–06)
• 6.6 Хэтфилл против New York Times Co. и Кристофа (2005)
• 6.7 Дело о лакроссе Университета Дьюка (2006)
• 6.8 Израильско-палестинский конфликт
• 6.9 Задержка для истории слежки АНБ 2005 г. без санкции
• 6.10 МВД цитаты вне контекста (2009–10)
• 6.11 Споры среди ирландских студентов (2015)
• 6.12 Серия маникюрных салонов (2015)
• 6.13 Иран (2015)
• 6.14 Практика приема на работу (2016)
• 6,15 Устранение копировальных редакторов (2018)
• 6,16 Взгляды на крышанию (2020)
• 6,17 Передовая статья Тома Коттона (2020) <768 7 Репутация
  • 7.1 Награды
• 8 См.
• 9 Ссылки
  • 9.1 Также Примечания
  • 9.2 Цитаты
• 10 Дополнительная литература
• 11 Внешние ссылки

История

Первый опубликованный выпуск New-York Daily Times от 18 сентября 1851 г.

Origins

Первая полоса New York Times от 29 июля 1914 года, объявляющая Австро-Венгрия об объявлении войны против Сербии

. New York Times была основана как New-York Daily Times 18 сентября 1851 года. The Times, основанная журналистом и политиком Генри Джарвисом Рэймондом и бывшим банкиром Джорджем Джонсом, использовалась издавалась Раймонд, Джонс и компания. Первыми инвесторами в компанию были Эдвин Б. Морган, Кристофер Морган и Эдвард Б. Уэсли. В первом выпуске, проданном за копейки (эквивалент 31 ¢ сегодня), была предпринята попытка ответить на предположения его вариантов и позиций, предшествующих его выпуску:

Мы будем консерваторами во всех случаях, когда мы думаем Консерватизм Для Мы будем радикальными радикальными во всем. Мы не верим, что все в Обществе либо в точности правильно, либо в точности неправильно; — что хорошее, мы хотим сохранить и улучшить; — что такое зло, искоренить или исправить.

В 1852 году газета открыла западное подразделение., The Times of California, которая прибыла всякий раз, когда почтовый корабль из Нью-Йорка пришвартовался в Калифорнии. Однако эта попытка провалилась, как калифорнийские газеты приобрели известность.

14 сентября 1857 года газета официально уменьшла свое название до The New-York Times . Дефис в названии города был опущен 1 декабря 1896 года. 21 апреля 1861 года New York Times начала публиковать воскресное издание, в котором ежедневно освещалась Гражданская война. Одним из первых из публичных споров, которые он был вовлечен, было Дело Мортара, которое было предметом двадцати редакционных только в Times.

Главный офис Нью-Йорка Times подверглась нападению во время призывников в Нью-Йорке. Беспорядки, спровоцированные введением в армию Союза, начались 13 июля 1863 года. На «газетном ряду », напротив мэрии, соучредитель Генри Рэймонд остановил мятежников с помощью ружей Гатлинга, первых пулеметов, одним из которых сам управлял. Толпа отвлеклась, вместо того, чтобы атаковать штаб-квартиру издателя-аболициониста Горация Грили Нью-Йорк Трибьюн до тех пор, пока Бруклинская городская полиция не вынудила бежать. переправился через Ист-Ривер, чтобы помочь властям Манхэттена.

В 1869 году Генри Рэймонд умер, и Джордж Джонс занял пост издателя.

The Times Square Building, Штаб-квартира The New York Times, 1913–2007 гг.

Влияние газеты выросло в 1870 и 1871 гг., Когда она опубликовала серию разоблачений Уильяма Твида, лидера городских Демократическая партия — широко известная как «Таммани-холл »(Из ее штаб-квартиры начала 19 века) — которая привела к концу господства« Твид Ринг »в мэрии Нью-Йорка. Твид использует New York Times пять миллионов долларов (что эквивалентно 107 миллионам долларов в 2019 году) за то, чтобы не публиковать эту историю.

В 1880-х годах The New York Times постепенно перестала поддерживать Республиканскую партию Кандидаты в его редакционные статьи на то, чтобы стать более политически независимыми и аналитическими. В 1884 году газета поддержала Демократа Гровера Кливленда (бывший мэр Буффало и губернатор Нью-Йорка ) в его первой президентской кампании. Хотя этот шаг стоил The New York Times части ее читателей более прогрессивных и республиканских читателей (выручка снизилась с 188 000 до 56 000 с 1883 по 1884 год), в итоге газета вернула большую часть утраченных позиций в несколько лет.

Эпоха Охса

После смерти Джорджа Джонса в 1891 году Чарльз Рэнсом Миллер и другие редакторы New York Times собрали 1 миллион долларов (что эквивалентно 28 миллионам долларов в 2019 году) на покупку газеты Times. он принадлежит издательской компании New York Times . Газета оказалась в финансовом кризисе из-за паники 1893, и к 1896 году газета имела менее 9000 экземпляров и теряла 1000 долларов в день. В том же году Адольф Охс, издатель Chattanooga Times, получил контрольный пакет акций компании за 75000 долларов.

Вскоре принятия контроля над газетой Оч придумал лозунг газеты «Все новости, пригодные для печати». Слоган появляется в газете с сентября 1896 года и печатается в рамке в верхнем левом углу первой страницы с начала 1897 года. Слоган был ударом по конкурирующим газетам, как Джозеф Пулитцер New York World и Уильям Рэндольф Херст New York Journal, которые были известны мрачным, сенсационным и часто неточным изложением фактов и мнений., охарактеризованная к концу века как «желтая журналистика ». Под руководством Окса и с помощью Карра Ван Анды The New York Times добилась международного размаха, распространения и репутации; Воскресный тираж увеличился с менее 9000 в 1896 году до 780 000 в 1934 году. В 1904 году, во время русско-японской войны, The New York Times, наряду с The Times, получила первые на- на месте беспроводной телеграф передача с морского сражения: сообщение об уничтожении ВМФ Балтийского флота, на Битва при Порт-Артуре, с пресс-лодки Хаймун. В 1910 году началась первая доставка по воздуху The New York Times в Филадельфию. В 1919 году первая трансатлантическая доставка The New York Times в Лондон произошла на дирижабле. В 1920 году, во Республиканского национального съезда 1920, «4:00 Airplane Edition» был отправлен самолетом в Чикаго, так что к вечеру он мог оказаться в руках делегатов съезда. 75>

Послевоенное расширение

Нью-Йорк Таймс, 1942 год

Охс умер в 1935 году, и его сменил как издатель его зять, Артур Хейс Сульцбергер. Под его руководством и его зятем (и преемником) Орвилом Драйфусом, начиная с 1940-х годов, газета расширила свой охват и охват. Кроссворд начал появляться регулярно в 1942 году, а секция моды появилась впервые в 1946 году. The New York Times начала международное издание в 1946 году. (Международное издание перестало публиковаться в 1967 году, когда к журналу присоединилась New York Times. Владельцам New York Herald Tribune и The Washington Post для International Herald Tribune в Пари.)

Драйфус умер в 1963 году, и его сменил в качестве издателя его зять, Артур Очс «который Панч» Сульцбергер, руководил Times до 1992 года и продолжал расширение газеты.

New York Times против Салливана (1964)

Участие газеты в деле 1964 года о клевете помогло вынести одно из ключевых решений Верховного суда США в поддержку свободы пресса, Нью-Йорк Таймс Ко. против Салливана. В нем Верховный суд Соединенных Штатов установил стандарт «фактического умысла » для сообщений прессы о государственных должностных лицах или общественных деятелях, которые должны считаться дискредитирующими или клеветнический. Стандарт злого умысла требует, чтобы истец в деле о диффамации или клевете доказал, что издатель заявления знал, что заявление было ложным, или действовал в безрассудном пренебрежении его истинностью или ложностью. Из-за высокого бремени доказывания истца и сложности доказательства злого умысла такие дела публичных деятелей редко бывают успешными.

Документы Пентагона (1971)

В 1971 году были опубликованы документы Пентагона — секретная министерство обороны США история политической и военного участия США в войне во Вьетнаме с 1945 по 1967 год («утечка») Нилу Шихану из The New York Times бывшим сотрудником Государственного департамента Дэниелом Эллсбергом и его другом Энтони Руссо, помогавшим копировать их. The New York Times начала публиковать отрывки из серии статей 13 июня. Последовали споры и судебные процессы. В документах говорилось, среди прочего правительства намеренно расширило свою роль в войне, нанеся авиаудары по Лаосу, рейды вдоль побережья 454>Северного Вьетнама и предприняли наступательные действия. США Морские пехотинцы задолго до того, как общественность узнала об этих действиях, все это время президент Линдон Б. Джонсон обещал не расширить войну. Документ увеличил разрыв доверия для США. правительство и нанесло ущерб усилиям администрации Никсона по борьбе с продолжающейся войной.

Когда The New York Times начала публиковать свои серии, президент Ричард Никсон возмущен. Его слова Советнику по национальной системе Генри Киссинджеру включали: «Людей нужно предать сожжению за подобные вещи» и «Давайте посадим сукиного сына в тюрьму.. «Не добиваться прекращения публикации The New York Times, Генеральный прокурор Джон Митчелл и президент Никсон добились постановления федерального суда о прекращении публикации выдержек из New York Times. Газета подала апелляцию, и дело было передано»

18 июня 1971 года The Washington Post начала собственной серии. Багдикян, редактор Post, получил от Эллсберга часть газет.>помощник генерального прокурора, Уильям Ренквист с просьбой прекратить публикацию. Когда почта отказалась, Управление юстиции США потребовало другого судебного запрета.

26 июня 1971 года Верховный суд США согласился рассмотреть оба дела, объединив их в дело New York Times Co. против США. 30 июня 1971 года Верховный постановление суда 6–3 постановления, что судебные запреты являются неконституционными ионными ограничительными ограничениями. Судьи написали девять мнений, расходящихся во мнениях по вопросам важности. Хотя в целом это рассматривалось как победа тех, кто заявляет, что Первая поправка закрепляет абсолютное право на свободу слова, многие сочли это победой вялой, предлагая слабую защиту для будущих издателей, когда заявляет национальной безопасности были поставлены на карту.

Конец 1970-х — 90-е годы

В 1970-х годах в газете представлен ряд новых разделов об образе жизни, включая выходные и домашние, с целью привлечения большего количества рекламодателей и читателей. Многие раскритиковали этот шаг за предательство миссии газеты. 7 сентября 1976 года газета перешла с восьмиколоночного формата на шестиколонный. Общая ширина страницы осталась прежней, каждый столбец стал шире. 14 сентября 1987 г. Times напечатала самую тяжелую газету за историю — более 12 фунтов (5,4 кг) и 1612 страниц.

В 1992 г. «Панч» Сульцбергер ушел с поста издателя; его сын Артур Охс Сульцбергер младший стал его преемником, сначала как издатель, а как руководство в 1997 году. The Times была одной из последних газет, принявших цветную фотографию, с первой цветной фотографией на первой полосе, появившейся 16 октября 1997 года.

Цифровая эра

Ранний цифровой контент

Речь в редакции после объявления Пулитцеровской премии победители, 2009 г.

The New York Times перешла на цифровой производственный процесс где-то до 1980 года, но только в этом году начала полученный цифровой текст. В 1983 году Times продает права на свои статьи в электронном виде LexisNexis. Время в 1990-х годах распространение новостей в Интернете увеличилось, Times решила не продлевать сделку, и в 1994 году газета вернула электронные права на свои статьи. 22 января 1996 года NYTimes.com начал публикацию.

2000-е годы

В сентябре 2008 года The New York Times объявила, что с 6 октября 2008 года будет объединять разделы в печатных изданиях. в столичном районе Нью-Йорка. Изменения превратили раздел Metro в основной раздел международных / национальных новостей и объединили спорт и бизнес (кроме субботы по понедельник, в то время как спорт по-прежнему печатается как отдельный раздел). Это изменение также включало в себя часть секции метро Нью-Йорк за пределами зоны трех штатов. Прессы, использовать The New York Times позволяет печатать четыре раздела одновременно; поскольку газета включает более четырех разделов во все дни, за исключением субботы, разделы должны быть напечатаны отдельно при первом тираже и собраны вместе. Изменения позволили The New York Times печатать в четырех разделах с понедельника по средам, помимо субботы. В объявлении New York Times говорилось, что количество новых страниц и останется неизменным, а газета будет экономить средства за счет сокращения сверхурочных.

В 2009 году газета начала местных вкладышей в регионах за пределами района Нью-Йорка. Начиная с 16 октября 2009 г., по пятницам и воскресеньям к экземплярам издания Северная Калифорния добавлялась двухстраничная вставка «Район залива». Газета начала аналогичной вставки в пятницу и воскресенье к выпуску в Чикаго 20 ноября 2009 г. Вкладыши состоят из местных новостей, политики, спорта и культуры, обычно поддерживаемых местной рекламой.

Следуя отраслевым тенденциям, его тираж в будние дни упал в 2009 году до менее миллиона.

В августе 2007 года газета уменьшила физический размер своего печатного издания, уменьшив ширину страницы с 13,5. дюймов (34 см) до 12 дюймов (30 см). За этим последовали аналогичные шаги, предпринятые реестром других газет за предыдущие десять лет, включая USA Today, The Wall Street Journal и The Washington Post. Этот шаг привел к сокращению объема нового пространства на 5%, но (в эпоху сокращения тиражей и значительных потерь доходов от рекламы) также сэкономил около 12 миллионов долларов в год.

Из-за снижения продаж, во многом объясняющего рост источников новостей в Интернете, особенно используемых читателями, доходов от рекламы, газета в течение нескольких лет переживала сокращение, предлагая выкуп работникам и сокращая расходы, что является общей общей тенденцией печатных СМИ.

2010-е годы

В декабре 2012 года Times опубликовала «Снег », статью из шести частей сходе лавины в туннельном ручье 2012 года, включающую видео, фотографии и интерактивную графику, и был назван переломным моментом для онлайн-журналистики.

В 2016 году репортеры газеты, как сообщается, стали мишенью кибербезопасности. Сообщается, что Федеральное бюро расследований расследовало нападения. Нарушения кибербезопасности были возможны как возможные связанные с кибератаками, нацеленными на другие учреждения, такие как Национальный комитет Демократической партии.

. В октябре 2018 года Times опубликовала расследование из 14 218 слов по <520 «Собрание состояния Дональда Трампа и предполагаемое налоговое мошенничество» — 18-месячный проект, основанный на изучении 100 000 страниц документов. Обширная статья вышла на восьми страницах в печатном издании, а также была адаптирована в сокращенный листик которых из 2500 слов, в были представлены основные выводы. После статьи на первой полосе в середине недели Times также переиздала эту статью в виде 12-страничного раздела «специального репортажа» в воскресной газете. В ходе длительного расследования камеры Showtime следили за тремя журналистами-расследователями Время в получасовом документальном фильме «Семейный бизнес: Трамп и налоги», который был показан в следующее воскресенье. Отчет получил Пулитцеровскую премию за пояснительную репортаж.

В мае 2019 года The New York Times заявила, что представит новостную телепрограмму на основе новостей от своих репортеров, размещенных по всему миру, и что ее премьера состоится на FX и Хулу.

Здание штаб-квартиры

Первое здание газеты располагалось по адресу 113 Нассау-стрит в Нью-Йорке. В 1854 году он переехал на 138 Нассау-стрит, а в 1858 году — на 41 Park Row, что сделало его первой газетой в Нью-Йорке, размещенной в здании, построенном специально для ее использования.

В 1904 году газета переехала в Таймс Тауэр, расположенный по адресу 1475 Бродвей, в районе, который тогда назывался Лонгакр-сквер, который позже был переименован в Таймс-сквер в честь газеты. На вершине здания, ныне известная как One Times Square, новогодняя традиция опускания зажженного шара, которая была начата бумага. Здание также известно своей электронной лентой новостей , широко известная как «Застежка-молния», где заголовки ползают по всему зданию. Она все еще используется, но с 1995 года ею управляет Dow Jones Company. После девяти лет пребывания в башне на Таймс-сквер газета построила пристройку по адресу 229 West 43rd Street. В следующем году была продана башня Times на Бродвее. Он служил основной типографией до газеты 1997 года, когда газета открыла ультрасовременную типографию в районе Колледж-Пойнт района Квинс.

Десять лет спустя., New York Times перенесла свой отдел новостей и штаб-квартиру с регистрации 43-й улицы в новую башню по адресу 620 Восьмая авеню между регистрацией 40-й и 41-й улицами, на Манхэттене — прямо напротив Восьмой авеню от Автовокзал администрации порта. Новая штаб-газеты квартира, официально известная как The New York Times Building, но неофициально называемая новой «Times Tower» многими жителями Нью-Йорка, представляет собой небоскреб, спроектированный Ренцо. Фортепиано.

В августе 2019 года журнал Slate получил внутреннюю электронную почту NYT, в которой сообщалось, что на всех уровнях редакции были обнаружены доказательства активности клопов.

Дискриминация по признаку пола. в сфере занятости

Дискриминационная практика, используемая газетой, долгое время ограничивала женщин при назначении на редакционные должности. Первой женщиной-репортером газеты была Джейн Грант, которая позже описала свой опыт: «Вначале меня обвинили в том, что я не буду раскрывать тот факт, что на работу была нанята женщина». Другие репортеры прозвали ее Пушкой, и она подверглась дедовщине. По словам тогдашнего редактора, из-за ее пола о продвижении по службе не могло быть и речи. Она в порядке в течение пятнадцати лет, прерванных Первой мировой войной.

В 1935 году Энн Маккормик написала Артуру Хейсу Сульцбергеру : «Надеюсь, ты выиграл». не ожидаю, что я вернусь к «женской точке зрения» ». Позже она взяла интервью у политических лидеров и, похоже, более легкий доступ, чем ее коллеги. Даже свидетели ее действий не могли объяснить, как она получила интервью, которые она давала. Клифтон Дэниел сказал: «[После Второй мировой войны] я уверен, Аденауэр позвонил ей и пригласил ее на ланч. Ей никогда не приходилось пресмыкаться перед встречей ».

Освещение выступлений мировых лидеров после Второй мировой войны в Национальном пресс-клубе ограничивалось мужчины по правилам Клуба. Когда женщинам в конечном итоге разрешено слушать речь напрямую, им все еще не разрешено задавать вопросы выступающим, даже несмотря на то, что некоторые из женщин получили Пулитцеровскую премию за предыдущую работу. Репортер Times Мэгги Хантер отказалась вернуться в клуб после записи выступления одного по заданию. Была прочитана статья Нэн Робертсон о Юнион Сток Ярдс, Чикаго. вслух как анонимный профессор, который затем сказал: «Возможно, для вас будет сюрпризом то, что репортер — девушка», — начал он… [G] asps; изумление в рядх. использовала все свои чувства, а не только глаза, чтобы передать запах и ощущение скотных дворов. Она выбрала сложную тему, оскорбительную тему. Ее образы были достаточно сильны, чтобы вызвать у вас отвращение ». New York Times наняла Кэтлин Маклафлин после десяти лет в Chicago Tribune, где «[s] он провел серию работ по горничным, выходя искать сама работу по дому».

Слоган

Нью-Йорк У Times был один лозунг. С 1896 года лозунг газеты — «Все новости, пригодные для печати». В 1896 году Адольф Охс провел конкурс, чтобы попытаться найти замену слогану, предложив приз в 100 долларов за лучший. Хотя позже он объявил, что оригинал не будет изменен, приз все равно будет вручен. Записи включали «Новости, а не тошноту»; «Одним словом: адекватно»; «Новости без шума»; «Out Heralds The Herald, сообщает The World и гасит The Sun «; «Публичная пресса — общественное доверие»; и победитель конкурса «Все новости мира, а не школа для скандалов». 10 мая 1960 года Райт Патман обратился в FTC с просьбой выяснить, вводит ли лозунг The New York Times в заблуждение или ложная реклама. В течение 10 дней FTC ответила, что это не так.

И снова в 1996 году был проведен конкурс по поиску нового слогана, на этот раз для NYTimes.com. Было подано более 8000 работ. Тем не менее, «Все новости, пригодные для печати» снова оказались лучшими.

Организация

The New York Times штаб-квартира 620 Eighth Avenue

Служба новостей

Помимо штаб-квартиры в Нью-Йорке, у газеты есть редакции в Лондоне и Гонконге. Его отдел новостей в Париже, который раньше был штаб-квартирой международного издания, был закрыт в 2016 году, хотя город по-прежнему является домом для Бюро новостей и рекламного офиса. У газеты также есть редакционный и телеграфный центр в Гейнсвилле, Флорида.

. По состоянию на 2013 год у газет было шесть новостных бюро в районе-Йорка, 14 в других странах США и 24 в других странах.

В 2009 году Стэнтон, редактор Los Angeles Times, конкурент, заявил, что отдел новостей The New York Times был дважды размером с Los Angeles Times, в которой в то время было 600 редакций.

Чтобы облегчить создание репортажей и ускорить длительный процесс проверки документов во время подготовки к публикации, их группа интерактивных новостей адаптировала оптическое распознавание символов в проприетарный инструмент , известный как Document Помощник. Это позволяет ускорить обработку документов, которые необходимо проверить. В течение марта 2019 года они задокументировали, что этот инструмент позволил им обработать 900 документов менее чем за десять минут, чтобы подготовить репортеров к просмотру содержимого.

Семья Окс-Сульцбергера

В 1896 году Адольф Охс купил The New York Times, убыточную газету, и основал New York Times Company. Семья Окс-Сульцбергеров, одна из газетных династий Соединенных Штатов, с тех пор принадлежит The New York Times. Издатель стал публичным 14 января 1969 года по цене 42 доллара за акцию на Американской фондовой бирже. После этой семьи продолжала контроль, подавляющим большинством голосующих акций B . Акционерам класса A разрешено ограниченное право голоса, а акционерам класса B — открытое право голоса.

Семейный траст Окса-Сульцбергера контролирует примерно 88 процентов акций компании класса B. Любое изменение структуры двойного класса должно быть одобрено шестью из восьми директоров, входящих в совет семейного траста Охс-Сульцбергера. Членами правления Trust являются Дэниел Х. Коэн, Джеймс М. Коэн, Линн Г. Дольник, Сьюзан В. Драйфус, Майкл Голден, Эрик М.А. Лакс, Артур О. Сульцбергер-младший и Кэти Дж. Сульцбергер.

Тернер Кэтледж., главный редактор The New York Times с 1952 по 1968 год, хотел скрыть влияние собственности. Артур Сульцбергер обычно писал своему редактору записки, каждую из которых содержала предложения, инструкции, жалобы и приказы. Когда Кэтледж получал эти записки, он стирал личность издателя, перед чем их своим подчиненным. Кэтледж считал, что если он уберет имя издателя из заметок, это защитит репортеров от ощущения давления со стороны владельца.

Общественные редакторы

Должность общественного редактора была учреждена в 2003 году для «расследования» вопросы журналистской честности »; каждый публичный редактор должен был отбыть двухлетний срок. Этот пост «был создан для приема сообщений читателей и вопросов журналистов Times о том, как они принимают решения». Толчком к созданию общественного должности редактора послужило дело Джейсона Блэра. Публичными редакторами были: Дэниэл Окрент (2003–2005), Байрон Калам (2005–2007), Кларк Хойт (2007–2010) (работал дополнительный год.), Артур С. Брисбен (2010–2012), Маргарет Салливан (2012–2016) (отбыл четырехлетний срок) и Элизабет Спайд (2016–2017). В 2017 году Times упразднила должность общественного редактора. был президентом и главным исполнительным директором с сентября 2020 года.

Содержание

Редакционная позиция

Редакционная страница New York Times часто рассматривается как либеральная. В середине 2004 года тогдашний (омбудсмен ), Дэниел Окрент, тогдашний сотрудник газеты написал, что «редакторы Op-Ed page беспристрастно представляют различные точки зрения в эссе посторонних, которых они публикуют, но вам нужен ужасно тяжелый противовес, чтобы сбалансировать страницу, на которой также размещены работы семи самоуверенных обозревателей, только двое из которых могут быть отнесены к консервативным (и даже в этом случае к консервативному подвиду, поддерживающему легализацию гей-союзов). и, в случае Уильяма Сэфира, выступает против некоторых центральных положений Патриотического акта ).

The New York Times не одобряла члена Республиканской партии для президент с Дуайт Д. Эйзенхауэр в 1956 г.; с 1960 года он поддерживал кандидата от Демократической партии на всех президентских выборах (см. одобрение президента New York Times ). Тем не менее, The New York Times поддержала действующих умеренных республиканцев мэров Нью-Йорка Руди Джулиани в 1997 году и Майкла Блумберга в 2005 и 2009 годах. поддержал республиканца штата Нью-Йорк губернатора Джорджа Патаки для переизбрания в 2002 году.

Стиль

В отличие от большинства ежедневных газет США, Times полагается на собственная книга стилей , а не Книга стилей Associated Press. Обращаясь к людям, The New York Times обычно использует вежливость, а не простые фамилии (за исключением спортивных страниц, освещения поп-культуры, книжного обозрения и журнала).

The New York Times 6 января 2009 года напечатала рекламную рекламу на своей первой странице, нарушив традицию газеты. Рекламное объявление для CBS было цветным и занимало всю ширину страницы. Газета пообещала размещать рекламу на первой странице только в нижней половине страницы.

В августе 2014 года Times решила использовать слово «пытки » для описания инцидентов, в которых следователи «причиняли боль заключенному, пытаясь получить информацию». Это был отход от прежней практики описания таких практик как «грубых» или «жестоких» допросов.

В газете проводится строгая политика ненормативной лексики. В обзоре 2007 года концерта панк-группы Fucked Up, например, полностью избегают упоминания названия группы. Однако Times иногда публиковала нефильтрованный видеоконтент, который включает ненормативную лексику и оскорбления, когда было установлено, что такое видео имеет новостную ценность. Во время кампании 2016 года по выборам президента США, Times напечатала слова «ебать» и «киска », среди прочего, когда сообщала о вульгарных заявлениях, сделанных Дональдом Трампом. в записи 2005 г.. Политический редактор тогдашней Times Кэролин Райан сказала: «Мы редко используем этот язык в наших статьях, даже в цитатах, и мы подробно обсуждали это». Райан сказал, что в конечном итоге газета решила опубликовать его из-за его новостной ценности и потому, что «[не] опускать это или просто описывать это казалось нам неловким и менее чем откровенным, особенно с учетом того, что мы будем запускать видео, которое покажет нашим читателям именно то, что было сказано ».

Продукция

Печатная газета

В отсутствие основного заголовка самая важная статья дня обычно появляется в правом верхнем столбце на главной стр. Гарнитуры , используемые для заголовков, являются пользовательскими вариациями Cheltenham. Текущий текст установлен на 8,7 point Imperial.

Газета состоит из трех разделов, включая журнал.

1. Новости: Включает международные, национальные, Вашингтон, бизнес, технологии, науку, здоровье, спорт, секцию Metro, образование, погоду и некрологи.
2. Мнение: включает редакционные статьи, обзоры и.
3. . Особенности: Включает искусство, фильмы, театр, путешествия, путеводитель по Нью-Йорку, еду, дом и сад, моду. Стиль, Кроссворд, The New York Times Book Review, T: The New York Times Style Журнал, The New York Times Magazine и Sunday Review.

Некоторые секты ионы, такие как Metro, распространяемые в трех регионах газеты Нью-Йорк — Нью-Джерси — Коннектикут, а не в национальных изданиях или изданиях Вашингтона, округ Колумбия. Помимо еженедельного обзора репринтов редакционных карикатур из других газет, The New York Times не имеет собственного штата редактора карикатуры, а также не имеет страницы комиксов или воскресенье комикс раздел.

С 1851 по 2017 год The ​​New York Times опубликовала около 60 000 печатных выпусков, около 3,5 миллионов страниц и 15 миллионов статей.

Тираж с понедельника по пятницу

Как и большинство других американских газет, The New York Times испытала сокращение тиража. С 2005 по 2017 год его печатный тираж в будние дни упал на 50 процентов до 540 000 экземпляров.

International Edition

The New York Times International Edition — это печатная версия газеты, предназначенная для читателей за пределами США.. The New York Times, ранее являвшаяся совместным предприятием с The Washington Post под названием The International Herald Tribune, в 2002 году взяла на себя полное право собственности на газету и постепенно интегрировала ее в свою внутреннюю деятельность.

Веб-сайт

The New York Times начала публиковаться в World Wide Web 22 января 1996 года, предлагая читателям всего мира немедленный доступ к большей части ежедневных содержания газеты » Согласно исследованию Compete.com, к 2008 году домен nytimes.com привлекает не менее 146 миллионов посетителей ежегодно в марте 2005 года у веб-сайтов было 555 миллионов просмотров страниц. Times занял 59-е место по количеству уникальных посетителей с более чем 20 миллионами уникальных посетителей, что сделало его посещаемым газетным сайтом с более чем вдвое большим количеством уникальных посетителей, чем следующие по данному сайту.

По состоянию на май 2009 года nytimes.com выпустил 22 из 50 самых популярных газетных блогов.

По состоянию на август 2020 года у компании было 6,5 миллиона платных подписчиков, из 5,7 миллиона подписчиков на ее цифровой контент. было добавлено 669 000 новых ци фровых подпи счиков.

Раздел «Еда»

Раздел «Еда» дополнен в Интернете запасами для домашних поваров и для ужина на дому.. The New York Times Cooking (Cooking.nytimes.com; также доступно через приложение для iOS) обеспечивает доступ к более чем 17 000 рецептов, хранящихся в файле по состоянию на ноябрь 2016 года, а также возможность сохранения рецептов с других сайтов в Интернете. Поиск ресторанов в газете (nytimes.com/reviews/dining) позволяет онлайн-читателям искать рестораны в районе Нью-Йорка по кухне, району, цене и рейтингу рецензентов. The New York Times также опубликовала несколько кулинарных книг, в том числе The Essential New York Times Cookbook: Classic Recipes for a New Century, опубликованную в конце 2010 года.

TimesSelect

В сентябре 2005 года газета решила начать обслуживание на основе подписки для ежедневных столбцов в программе, известной как TimesSelect, которая охватывала многие ранее бесплатные столбцы. До прекращения выпуска через два года TimesSelect стоила 7,95 долларов в месяц или 49,95 долларов в год, хотя она была бесплатно для подписчиков печатных копий, студентов и преподавателей университетов. Чтобы избежать этого обвинения, блоггеры часто репостили материалы TimesSelect, и по крайней мере один сайт собрал ссылки на перепечатанные материалы.

17 сентября 2007 года The New York Times объявила об уплате частичного сбора платы за доступ к полночь следующего дня, что абонентская плата не может перевесить потенциальный доход от рекламы от увеличения трафика на бесплатном сайте.

обозреватели Times, включая Николаса Кристофа и Томас Фридман раскритиковал TimesSelect, причем Фридман зашел так далеко, что сказал: «Я ненавижу это. Многие люди читают меня за границей, например, в Индии… Я считаю себя полностью отрезанным от своей аудитории ».

Платный доступ и цифровые подписки

Дополнение к открытию почти всего сайта для всех читателей, архивы новостей The New York Times с 1987 г. по настоящее время доступны по адресу обвинения, а также с 1851 по 1922 год находятся в общественном достоянии. Для доступа к премиум-разделу кроссвордов по-прежнему требуется либо доставка, либо подписка за 6,95 долларов в месяц или 39,95 долларов в год.

Падение доходов от рекламы в печатных изданиях и прогнозы их дальнейшего введения в 2011 году «ограниченного доступа платного доступа «, который считается умеренно успешным после получения нескольких сотен тысяч подписок и около 100 миллионов долларов долларов США США дохода. марта 2012 г. Как было объявлено в марте 2011 г., платный доступ будет взимать плату с постоянных читателей за доступ к своему онлайн-контенту. Читатели просматривают бесплатно просмотр до 20 статей каждый месяц. (Хотя, начиная с апреля 2012 года, количество статей в бесплатном доступе уменьшилось вдвое до десяти статей в месяц.) Любому читателю, желающему получить доступ к большему количеству статей, придется платить за цифровую подписку. Этот план обеспечит бесплатный доступ для случайных читателей, но будет приносить доход «тяжелым» читателям. Стоимость подписки на четыре недели от 15 до 35 долларов в зависимости от цифрового пакета, при этом периоде рекламные акции для новых подписчиков доступа всего за 99 центов. Подписчики на печатное издание полный доступ без какой-либо дополнительной платы. Некоторый контент, такой как первая страница и заголовки разделов, оставался бесплатным, как и страница главных новостей в мобильных приложениях.

В января 2013 года Общественный редактор <709 The New York Times>Маргарет М. Салливан объявил, впервые за десятилетие газета принесла больше доходов за счет подписки, чем за счет рекламы. В декабре 2017 года количество бесплатных статей в месяц было сокращено с десяти до пяти, что стало первым изменением в системе платного доступа с ограничением с 2012 года. Представитель компании The New York Times заявил, что решение было мотивировано «рекордно высоким уровнем» в спросе на журналистику.

29 августа 2013 года сайт газеты был взломан Сирийской электронной армией, хакерской группы, которая поддерживает правительство президента Сирии ара аль-Асад. SEA удалось проникнуть в регистратора доменных имен, Мельбурн IT и изменить DNS записи для The New

По состоянию на декабрь 2017 года в Нью- В Йорке Times было 3,5 миллиона платных подписок, как печатной, так и с York Times, в результате чего некоторые из его веб-сайтов перестали работать на часы.

В феврале 2018 года компания New York Times сообщила об увеличении доходов от подписок только в цифровом формате, добавив в цифровую версию и более 130 миллионов читателей в более чем вдвое больше ее аудиторию двумя годами ранее. 157 000 новых подписчиков к 2,6 миллионам подписчиков только в цифровом формате. В этот период также наблюдался рост цифровой рекламы. В то же время упала реклама печатной версии журнала.

Мобильное присутствие

Приложения

В 2008 году The New York Times стало доступно как приложение для iPhone и iPod Touch ; а также публикация приложения для iPad в 2010 году. Приложение позволяет пользователям загружать статьи на свои мобильные, позволяя им читать статью, даже если они не могли получить сигнал. По состоянию на октябрь 2010 года приложение для iPad The New York Times поддерживает рекламу и доступно бесплатно без платной подписки, но в 2011 году переведено на модель на основе подписки.

В 2010 году редакция The New York Times в сотрудничестве со студентами и преподавателями программы Studio 20 Journalism Masters Нью-Йоркского университета запустила и выпустила «The Local Ист-Виллидж », гиперлокальный блог, предназначенный для размещения новостей» от жителей Ист-Виллидж, для них и о них «. В том же году reCAPTCHA помогла оцифровать старые выпуски The New York Times.

В 2010 году газета также выпустила приложение для смартфонов Android, через позже последовало приложение для телефонов с Windows.

того же, Times была первой газетой, предложившей видеоигру в составе редакционного материала Food Import Folly от Persuasive Games.

The Times Reader

Times Reader — это цифровая версия The New York Times, созданная для сотрудничества между газетой и Microsoft. Times Reader берет принципы печатной журналистики и применяет их к технике онлайн-репортажей, используя ряд технологий, разработанных Microsoft и их команду Windows Presentation Foundation. Об этом объявили в Сиэтле в апреле 2006 года Артур Окс Сульцбергер-младший, Билл Гейтс и Том Бодкин.

. Times Reader 2.0 был переписан в Adobe AIR. В декабре 2013 года газета объявила, что приложение Times Reader будет прекращено с 6 января 2014 года, призвав читателей этого начать использовать приложение Today’s Paper только по подписке.

Подкасты

The New York Times начала выпускать подкасты в 2006 году. Среди первых подкастов были Inside The Times и Inside The New York Times Book Review . Однако несколько подкастов Времена были отменены в 2012 году.

The Times вернулась к запуску новых подкастов в 2016 году, в том числе Modern Love с WBUR. 30 января 2017 года The New York Times запустила новостной подкаст The Daily. В октябре 2018 года NYT дебютировал Аргумент с обозревателями мнений Росс Даутхат, Мишель Голдберг и Дэвид Леонхардт. Это еженедельное обсуждение единственной проблемой, которую объясняют слева, в центре и справа политическим лицом.

Неанглийские версии

The New York Times en Español (на испанском языке)

В период с февраля 2016 года по сентябрь 2019 года The New York Times выпустила отдельное издание на испанском языке, The New York Times на испанском языке. В версии на испанском языке увеличилось освещение новостей и событий в Латинской Америки и Испании. Расширение содержания на испанском языке позволяет расширить свою аудиторию в испаноязычный мир и увеличить доход. Версия на испанском языке как способ составить рекламу известной газете El País в глобальной Испании, которая называет себя «газетой на испанском языке». Его испанская версия имеет команду журналистов в Мехико, а также корреспондентов в Венесуэле, Бразилии, Аргентине, Майами. и Мадрид, Испания. Он был прекращен в сентябре 2019 года, сославшись на отсутствие финансового успеха в качестве причины.

Китайский язык

В июне 2012 года The New York Times представила свой первый официальный вариант на иностранном языке, cn.nytimes.com, новостной сайт на китайском языке, для просмотр которого используются как от, так и упрощенные китайские символы. Проект глобли Крейг С. Смит с деловой стороны и Филип П. Пэн со стороны редакции, контент создавали сотрудники из Шанхая, Пекин и Гонконг, хотя сервер был размещен за пределами Китая, проблем с цензурой.

Первоначальный успех сайта был прерван семьи того же года после публикации статей о расследовании Дэвида Барбозы о финансах китайского премьера Вэнь Цзябао. В ответ на статью китайского правительства заблокировало доступ к сайту nytimes.com и cn.nytimes.com на территории Китайской Народной Республики (КНР).

Несмотря на вмешательство правительства Китая, китайскоязычные операции продолжали развиваться, добавляя второй сайт, cn.nytstyle.com, iOS и Android. приложений и информационных бюллетеней, все из которых доступны внутри КНР. Компания в Китае также выпускает три печатных издания на китайском языке. Тем временем на cn.nytimes.com благодаря широкому использованию технологии VPN в КНР и растущей китайской аудитории за пределами материкового Китая. Статьи New York Times также доступны людям через использование зеркальных веб-сайтов, приложений, местных газет и социальных сетей. Китайские теперь представьте собой один из пяти лучших торговых рынков New York Times в мире. Главный редактор китайских платформ — Чинг-Чинг Ни.

В марте 2013 года The New York Times и Национальный совет по кинематографии Канады объявили о партнерстве под названием Краткая история Highrise, в рамках которого будут созданы четыре короткометражных документальных фильма для Интернета о жизни в высотных зданиях в рамках проекта NFB Highrise с использованием изображений из фотоархивов газеты для первых трех фильмов., а также изображения, представленные пользователями для финального фильма. Третий проект из серии Краткая история Highrise выиграл Премию Пибоди в 2013 году.

TimesMachine

TimesMachine — это веб-архив отсканированных выпусков журнала The Times. New York Times с 1851 по 2002 год.

В отличие от онлайн-архива New York Times, TimesMachine представляет отсканированные изображения самой газеты. Весь не рекламный контент может использовать для каждой истории на отдельной странице отображения PDF и сохраняться для использования в будущем. Архив доступ подписчикам The New York Times, доставка на дом и / или в электронном виде.

Прерывания

Из-за праздников 23 ноября 1851 г. выпуски не печатались; 2 января 1852 г.; 4 июля 1852 г.; 2 января 1853 г.; и 1 января 1854 года.

Из-за забастовок регулярный выпуск The New York Times не печатался в следующие периоды:

• 9 декабря 1962 года по 31 марта 1963 года. Из-за 1962–63 гг. Газетной забастовки в Нью-Йорке.
• 17 сентября 1965 г. по 10 октября 1965 г. было напечатано только западное издание. Было напечатано международное издание, а выходное издание заменило субботнее и Воскресные газеты.
• 10 августа 1978 г. — 5 ноября 1978 г. Забастовка многих профсоюзов закрыла три основных газеты Нью-Йорка. Никаких выпусков The New York Times не печаталось. Через два месяца после начала забастовки в городе распространилась пародия на The New York Times под названием Not The New York Times с такими участниками, как Карл Бернштейн, Кристофер Серф, Тони Хендра и Джордж Плимптон.

Критика и споры

Неспособность сообщить о голоде в Украине

New York Times подверглась критике за работу репортера Уолтера Дюранти, который был начальником московского бюро с 1922 по 1936 гг. Дюранти написал в 1931 году серию рассказов о Советском Союзе и получил Пулитцеровскую премию за свою работу в то время; однако его критиковали за отрицание повсеместного голода, в частности украинского голода в 1930-е годы.

В 2003 году, после того как Пулитцеровский совет начал новое расследование, Times наняла Марк фон Хаген, профессор истории России в Колумбийском университете, чтобы сделать обзор работы Дюранти. Фон Хаген нашел отчеты Дюранти несбалансированными и некритичными, и что они слишком часто озвучивали сталинистскую пропаганду. В комментариях для прессы он заявил: «Ради чести The New York Times они должны забрать приз».

Вторая мировая война

14 ноября 2001 года в г. Алматы. Алматы. Алматы. Алматы. В выпуске «Нью-Йорк Таймс», посвященном 150-летнему юбилею, в статье, озаглавленной «Отвращение от холокоста», бывший исполнительный редактор Макс Франкель писал:

А потом произошла неудала: не более, чем ошеломляющее, запятнавшая неспособность Нью-Йорк Таймс изобразить методичное истребление евреев Европы Гитлером как ужасающий все ужасы Второй мировой войны — нацистскую войну внутри войны, взывающую к освещению.

По словам Франкеля, суровые судьи New York Times «обвинила владельцев и сотрудников газеты в« евреев »и« антисионистов »». Франкель ответил на эту критику, описав хрупкую чувствительность еврейских владельцев The New York Times:

Газеты, принадлежащие еврейским семьям, такие как The Times, явно настроено против Семиты неверно истолковали страстную оппозицию Гитлеру как чисто узкую причину. Даже некоторые ведущие еврейские группы уклонялись от своих призывов о спасении, чтобы их не обвиняли в желании отвлечения военного времени. Нежелание The Times освещать систематические убийства евреев, несомненно, было вызвано взглядами издателя Артура Хейса Сульцбергера. Он твердо и публично верил, что иудаизм — это религия, а не раса или национальность, и они разделяются только в том, как они поклоняются. Он считал, что им не нужны собственные или политические и социальные институты. Он пошел на все, чтобы The Times не заклеймила еврейскую газету. Отметим особенность еврейского происхождения людей в новостях.

В той же статье Франкель цитирует Лорел Лефф, доцента журналистики Северо-Восточного университета, которая пришла к выводу, что газета преуменьшала значение нацистской Германии, направленной против евреев за геноцид. 2005 года Похоронен Times докумен тенденций газеты до, во время и после Второй мировой войны помещать в свои ежедневные выпуски новости о продолжающемся преследовании и истреблении евреев, скрывая в этих историях воздействия на евреев нацистов.. Лефф отчасти объясняет этот недостаток сложными личными и политическими взглядами еврейского издателя Артура Хейса Сульцбергера на еврейство, антисемитизм и Сионизм.

Джерольд Ауэрбах, сотрудник Гуггенхайма и лектор Фулбрайта, писал в Print to Fit, The New York Times, Сионизм и Израиль, 1896-2016 гг., Что это было Крайне важно для Адольфа Охса, первого еврейского владельца газеты, несмотря на свое преследование евреев в Германии, The Times, благодаря своему репортажам, никогда не должна классифицироваться как еврейская газета.

После смерти Охса в 1935 году его зять Артур Хейс Сульцбергер стал издателем The New York Times и придерживался мнения, что никакие репортажи не должны отражать The Times как еврейскую газету. Сульцбургер разделял опасения Окса по поводу того, как евреи воспринимаются в американском обществе. Его опасения по поводу суждения позитивно проявились в его твердой преданности Соединенным Штатам. В то же время на страницах «Нью-Йорк Таймс» отказался привлечь внимание к евреям, отвергнув евреев жертвами нацистского геноцида. Безусловно, во многих сообщениях о резне, созданной нацистами, еврейские жертвы назывались «личностями». The Times даже выступала против спасения еврейских беженцев и поддерживала ограничения Америки.

Во время войны журналист The New York Times Уильям Л. Лоуренс был «на зарплате войны. Департамент «.

Обвинения либеральной предвзятости

В середине 2004 года тогдашний публичный редактор газеты Дэниел Окрент написал авторское мнение, в котором он сказал, что У New York Times действительно был либеральный уклон в освещении в новых характеристиках социальных проблем, таких как аборты и однополые браки, он заявлено, что это предубеждение отражает космополитизм газета, естественно возникшая из его корни как родная газета Нью-Йорка, пишущая о том, что освещение Times’s Arts Leisure; Culture; и Sunday Times Magazine имеет тенденцию к левому краю.

газета с перспективы, которая не является ни городской если вы относитесь к тем группам, которые The Times рассматривает как странные объекты, исследованы на предметном стекле (набожные католики, владельцы оружия, ортодоксальные евреи, теха) сцы; исту New York Times, вы почувствуете эту путешеству по странному и суровому миру.

Редактор Times Артур Брисбен писал в 2012 году:

Когда The Times освещает национальную президентскую кампанию, я обнаружил, что ведущие редакторы и репортеры дисциплинированно следят за соблюдением справедливости и баланса и обычно преуспевают в этом. «Из-за отсутствия лучшего термина — что это мировоззрение фактически просачивается сквозь ткань The Times».

The New York Times (омбудсмен ) Элизабет Спайд писала в 2016 году, что «консерваторы и даже многие умеренные, видят в The Times мировоззз голубого государства » и обвиняют его в томрение, что он придерживается либеральных предубеждений. Спайд не анализировал суть заявления, но высказал мнение, что Times является «частью раздробленной медиа-среды, отражающей раздробленность страны». Это, в свою очередь, приводит либералов и консерваторов к источнику новостей ». Исполнительный редактор Times Дин Баке заявил, что он не считает освещение либеральный уклон:

, чтобы люди чувствовали себя так, как они могли себя видеть в Нью-Йорке Раз. Я хочу, чтобы нас воспринимали справедливыми и честными по отношению к миру, а не только к его части. Это действительно сложная цель. Мы все время это делаем? №

выборы 2016 г.

Дональд Трамп часто критиковал The New York Times в своем аккаунте Twitter до и во время своего президентства; с ноября 2015 года Трамп в серии твитов называл Times «провальной New York Times». Несмотря на критику Трампа, генеральный директор компании New York Times Марк Томпсон сказал, что газета пользуется стремительным ростом цифровой читательской аудитории: в четвертом квартале 2016 года было зафиксировано самое большое количество новых цифровых подписчиков на газ с 2011 года. 23 октября 2019 года он отменял подписку Белого дома как на The New York Times, так и на The Washington Post и дал также указание всем федеральным агентствам отказа от подписки.

Критик Мэтт Тайбби обвинил New York Times в предпочтении Хиллари Клинтон, а не Берни Сандерса при освещении газетой президентских выборов демократов. Отвечая на жалобы многих читателей, общественный редактор The New York Times Маргарет Салливан написала, что «Times не игнорировала кампанию г-на Сандерса, но не всегда относилась к ней очень серьезно. Тон некоторых Истории, к сожалению, пренебрежительные, иногда даже насмешливые. Некоторые из них говорят сосредоточены на возрасте, внешности и стиле кандидата, а не на том, что он должен ». Старший редактор Times Кэролин Райан защищала как объем освещения в The New York Times (отмеченная, что Сандерс получил примерно такое же количество статей, как Джеб Буш и Марко Рубио ), так и его тон..

Плагиат Джейсона Блэра (2003)

В мае 2003 года репортер The New York Times Джейсон Блэр был вынужден уйти из газеты после того, как его поймали плагиат и фабрикация элементов его рассказов. Некоторые критики утверждали, что афроамериканец раса Блэра главным фактором при его приеме на работу и в первоначальном нежелании New York Times уволить его.

Война в Ираке (2003–06)

The Times поддержала вторжение в Ирак в 2003 году. 26 мая 2004 г. Газета заявила, что некоторые из ее статей не были настолько строгими, как следовало, недостаточно квалифицированными, часто чрезмерно зависимыми от информации иракских изгнанников, желающих смены режима..

The New York Times была вовлечена в серьезный спор утверждений, предъявление Ирака и массового уничтожения в сентябре 2002 года. Статья на первой полосе была написана Джудит Миллер, в котором утверждалось, что иракское правительство находится в процессе разработки ядерного оружия, было опубликовано. Историю Миллера цитировали такие официальные лица, как Кондолиза Райс, Колин Пауэлл и Дональд Рамсфелд в рамках кампании по кампании по организации организации войны в Ираке. Одним из главных источников информации Миллера был Ахмед Чалаби, иракский экспатриант, который вернулся в Ирак после вторжения США и занимал ряд государственных должностей, кульминацией которых стал исполняющий обязанности министра нефти и вице-премьер с мая. 2005 — май 2006. В 2005 году, обсуждая частное выходное пособие с Сульцбергером, Миллер вышла на пенсию после критики, что ее отчет о подготовке к войне в Ираке был фактически неточным и слишком подходящим. на позицию администрации Буша, за которую The New York Times позже извинилась.

Хэтфилл против New York Times Co. и Кристоф (2005)

Дело 1964 года Нью-Йорк Таймс против Салливана предвосхитило другое крупное дело о клевете, Стивен Дж. Хэтфилл против The New York Times Company и Николаса Кристофа, в результате атак сибирской язвы в 2001 году (в том числе порошка в конверте, открытом репортером Джудит Миллер в редакции Times).

доктор Стивен Хэтфилл стал общественным деятелем в результате инсинуаций, что он был «вероятным виновником», изложенных в колонках Николаса Кристофа, в которых упоминалось Федеральное бюро расследований. расследование дела. Доктор Хэтфилл подал в суд на него и Times за клевету и умышленное вызванное эмоционального стресса. После многих судебных разбирательств стороны Верховный суд отказался предоставить certiorari по делу, оставив дело доктора Хэтфилла отклоненным, так как он не доказал злого умысла со Times.

The Times была вовлечена в аналогичное дело, в котором она согласилась выплатить компенсацию доктору Вен Хо Ли, ложноенному в шпионаже.

Дело лакросса Университета Дьюка (2006 г.))

Газету критиковали за то, что она в основном освещала версию прокуратуры событий в 2006 г. дело лакросса герцога. Сюзанна Смолли из Newsweek раскритиковала газету за ее «легковерное» освещение обвинений в изнасиловании против игроков в лакросс из университета Дьюка. Стюарт Тейлор младший и К.С. Джонсон в своей книге «Пока не доказана невиновность: политкорректность и постыдная несправедливость дела об изнасиловании герцога Лакросса» пишут: «во главе обвинения — предполагаемая стаю, The New York Times соперничала в гонке за журналистское дно с ток-шоу на мусорном ТВ ».

Израильско-палестинский конфликт

Исследование 2003 года, опубликованное в Harvard International Journal of Press / Politics пришел к выводу, что репортажи The New York Times были более благоприятны для израильтян, чем для палестинцев. В исследовании 2002 года, опубликованном в журнале Журналистика, изучалось освещение Ближнего Востока Вторая интифады за месячный период в Times, Washington Post и Chicago Tribune. Авторы исследования заявили, что Times «наиболее склонна к произраильскому направлению» с предвзятостью, «отраженной… в использовании заголовков, фотографий, графики, методов поиска и ведущих абзацев».

При освещении израильско-палестинского конфликта некоторые (например, Эд Кох ) утверждали, что газета пропалестинской, в то время как другие (например, As ‘ ад Абу Халил ) настаивали на том, что они произраильски настроены. Израильское лобби и внешняя политика США, профессора политологии Джон Мирсхаймер и Стивен Уолт утверждает, что New York Times иногда критикует Израиля, но не беспристрастна и в целом является произраильски настроенной. С другой стороны, Центр Симона Визенталя раскритиковал The New York Times за публикацию карикатур на израильско-палестинском конфликте, которые, как утверждается, были антисемитскими.

премьер-министром Израиля Биньямин Нетаньяху отклонил предложение написать статью для газеты по причине отсутствия объективности. Статья, в которой Томас Фридман пишет, что похвала Нетаньяху во время выступления на конгрессе была «оплачена израильским лобби», вызвала извинения и разъяснения от ее автора.

Общественный редактор The New York Times Кларк Хойт заключил в своей колонке от 10 января 2009 года:

Хотя самые громкие сторонники сторонники Израиля и палестинцев не согласны, я думаю, что The New York Время в степени отстранена от поля битвы и освещает хаос войны, изо всех сил старался сделать справедливую, сбалансированную и полную работу — и в степени преуспел.

Задержка публикации статьи АНБ 2005 г. о слежке без санкции

The New York Times подверглась критике за 13 месяцев задержка в истории декабря 2005 г., раскрывающей Агентство национальной безопасности программа наблюдения без санкции. Бывшие сотрудники АНБ сообщили о программе журналистам Джеймсу Ризену и Эрику Лихтблау, которые представили в газете статью о расследовании в ноябре 2004 года, за несколько недель до президентских выборов в Америке.. Контакты с бывшими лидерами агентства начались летом прошлого года.

Бывший исполнительный редактор The New York Times Билл Келлер решил не сообщать об этой статье после того, как администрация Буша оказала на него давление и посоветовала не делать этого. так сказал глава вашегоингтонского бюро The New York Times. Келлер объяснил причину молчания в интервью газете в 2013 году, заявив: «Спустя три года после 11 сентября мы, как страна, все еще находились под этой травмой, и мы, как газета, были защищены».

В 2014 году PBS Frontline взяли интервью в Ризен и Лихтблау, которые сказали, что план газеты состоял в том, чтобы вообще не публиковать эту статью. «Редакторы были в ярости на меня», — сказал Risen программа. «Они думали, что я непослушен». Ризен написал книгу о разоблачениях массового наблюдения после того, как The New York Times отклонила публикацию статьи, и выпустила ее только после того, как Ризен сказал им, что он опубликует книгу. Другой репортер сообщил NPR, что газета «избежала катастрофы», в итоге опубликовав эту статью.

М.И.А. цитаты вне контекста (2009–10)

В феврале 2009 года музыкальный блогер Village Voice обвинил газету в использовании «жалких, ad-hominem обвинений» в статье о британском тамильском музыкальном исполнителе MIA о ее деятельности против сингальско-тамильского конфликта в Шри-Ланке. М.И.А. раскритиковал газету в январе 2010 года после того, как статья о путешествии оценила постконфликтную Шри-Ланку как «место №1, куда стоит пойти в 2010 году».

В июне 2010 года журнал The New York Times опубликовал исправление к своей статье на обложке МВД признало, что интервью, проведенное нынешним редактором W и тогдашним сотрудником журнала Times Линн Хиршберг, содержало реконструкцию двух цитат. В ответ на статью М.И.А. транслировала номер телефона Хиршберг и секретные аудиозаписи из интервью через ее Twitter и веб-сайт.

Споры ирландских студентов (2015)

16 июня 2015 года The New York Times опубликовала статью о смерти шести ирландских студентов, проживающих в Беркли, Калифорния Когда обрушился балкон, на котором они стояли, газета намекала на то, что они виноваты в обрушении. В документе говорилось, что поведение ирландских студентов, приезжающих в США по визе J1, «ставило Ирландию в неловкое положение». Ирландец Taoiseach и бывший президент Ирландии раскритиковали газету за «бесчувственность и неточность» в освещении истории.

Серия маникюрных салонов (2015)

В мае 2015 года The New York Times разоблачила, написанную Сарой Маслин Нир, об условиях работы мастеров маникюра в Нью-Йорке и других местах и опасность для здоровья, которой они подвергаются, привлекла широкое внимание, в результате чего губернатор Нью-Йорка Эндрю М. Куомо принял принудительные меры на рабочем месте. В июле 2015 года бывший репортер The New York Times Ричард Бернстайн в New York Review of Books опротестовал утверждения статьи о широко распространенной незаконно низкой заработной плате. Бернштейн, чья жена владеет двумя маникюрными салоном, утверждал, что такая незаконно низкая заработная плата несовместима с его личным опытом и не подтверждается объявлениями в китайских газетах, на которые ссылается эта история. Впоследствии редакция New York Times ответила на критику Бернштейна примерами нескольких опубликованных изданий, заявив, что его ответом была защита отрасли. Независимый публичный редактор NYT также сообщила, что ранее она переписывалась с Бернстайном, изучила его жалобы и выразила уверенность в том, что репортажи правдивы.

В сентябре и октябре 2015 года владельцы и работники маникюрных салонов протестовали против Несколько раз редакции New York Times открыла ответ на эту историю и последовавшие за ней репрессии в штат Нью-Йорк. В октябре журнал Reason опубликовал трехчастный повторный репортаж об истории Джима Эпштейна, обвинив его в том, что сериал был наполнен неверными цитатами и фактическими ошибками, касающимися его заявлений о незаконно низкой заработной плате, так и опасности для здоровья. Эпштейн также утверждал, что «Нью-Йорк Таймс» неправильно перевела рекламу, процитированную в ее ответе Бернштейну, и что эти объявления действительно подтвердили аргумент Бернштейна.

В ноябре 2015 года редактор The New York Times пришел к выводу, что разоблачение «, использованное для их выражения, следовало бы отозвать — в некоторых случаях» и рекомендовать «The Times» написать дальнейшие статьи,

Иран (2015)

Исследование, проведенное в 2015 году, в том числе те, которые пересматривают ее исходные результаты и учитывают критику со стороны владельцев салонов и другие люди — не защищаясь, но непредвзято »., показало, что The New York Times способствовала общей тенденции к национальной предвзятости. Во время иранского ядерного кризиса газета преуменьшила «негативные процессы» в США, но при этом преувеличила аналогичные процессы в Иране., такие как The Guardian, Tehran Times и Fars News Agency, а Xinhua News Agency — было признано более нейтральным, но в то же время имитирующим внешнюю политику Китайской Народной Р еспублики.

Практика найма (2016)

В апреле 2016 года две чернокожие женщины-работницы в возрасте от 60 до федеральный коллективный иск против генерального директора The New York Times Company Марка Томпсона и главного финансового директора, утверждая, что возраст, пол и расовая дискриминация. Истцы утверждали, что рекламный отдел Times отдавал предпочтение молодым сотрудникам, а не старшим сотрудникам при принятии решений об увольнении и повышении по службе. The Times заявила, что иск был «совершенно необоснованным» и представлял собой «серию повторных, грубых и неоправданных атак». Жалобы истцов на гендерную дискриминацию были использованы судом, а позже также отказал в свидетельстве о классе в отношении требований о дискриминации по возрасту и расовой дискриминации.

Устранение редакторов копий (2018)

The New York Times объявила о планах исключить функции редактирования текстов из ежедневных газет и веб-сайтов в июне 2018 года. Исполнительный редактор Дин Баке выступил в защиту сокращений, заявив, что Times необходимо высвободить средства, чтобы нанять больше репортеров, исключив должности редактора. (Секции мнений и журналов все еще сохранили своих редакторов копий.) Обязанности редакторов копий — проверка стиля, грамматики, фактической правильности, тона, а также написание заголовков — были объединены в универсальные роли редактирования. В настоящее время редакторы не только редактируют рассказов, но и во многих случаях проводят окончательное чтение перед публикацией.

Многие публикации, такие как Хроника высшего образования, предполагают, что устранение копировальных редакторов привело к большему количеству ошибок, таких как опечатки и фактические ошибки, в статье. Исследовательская организация в области журналистики предположила в своем блоге, что устранение копировальных редакторов снизит внутреннюю экспертизу и качество ежедневных новостных отчетов.

Взгляды на Объединение (2020)

С января 2020 года британский писатель и политический обозреватель Дуглас Мюррей утверждал, что New York Times «ведет культурную войну вендетту против [Соединенного Королевства ], но при этом она ведет кампанию дезинформации против своих читателей.. Келли Джейн Торранс из The Spectator сказала: «С тех пор, как Великобритания проголосовала за выход из Европейского Союза, Серая Леди — как газета известна благодаря своему напыщенному и серьезному тону — стала стали стали. безжалостно критиковать UK ». Торранс продолжил:« Если бы вы читали только New York Times, вы бы подумали, что у отсталой и фанатичной Британии мало надежды ».

Передовая статья Тома Коттона (2020))

Во время протестов Джорджа Флойда в июне 2020 года Times опубликовала статью сенатора США Тома Коттона под названием «Отправить войска», в котором содержался призыв к мобилизации американских вооруженных сил в ответ на беспорядки и за «подавляющую демонстрацию силы с целью разогнать», задержать и в конечном итоге, отпугнуть нарушителей закона », которые ранее были объявлены как дезинформация. реше опубликовать статью и обвинили газету в публикации дезинформации. NewsGuild Нью-Йорка заявило, что статья нарушет насилие и не содержит контекста и проверки. А. Г. Сульцбергер и редактор редакционной страницы Джеймс Беннет защищали статью, но позже газета опубликовала заявление, в котором статья не соответствовала ее редакционным стандартам, и описала ее публикацию как говори «поспешной редакционной статьи.

Репутация

The Times со временем приобрела национальную и международную «репутацию тщательности». Среди журналистов газета пользуется большим уважением; Опрос редакторов газет, проведенный в 1999 г. Columbia Journalism Review, показал, что Times была «лучшей» американской газетой, опередив The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal и Los Angeles Times. Times также заняла # 1 в рейтинге «качества» газета США за 2011 год, представленном Дэниелом де Визом из The Washington Post; объективный рейтинг учитывал количество недавних выигранных Пулитцеровских премий <В отчете за 2012 год в WNYC Times названа «самой уважаемой газетой в мире». Ноам Хомски, соавтор Manufacturing Consent, сказал, что Новый «Йорк Таймс» был первым, на что он обратил внимание утром: «Несмотря на все его недостатки — а они реальны — у нее все же самое широкое, самое полное освещение, я думаю, любая газета в мире ».

Тем не менее, как и многие другие американские СМИ, Times пострадала от снижения общественного мнения о доверии в США с 2004 по 2012 год. В опросе Pew Research Center, проведенном в 2012 году, респондентов спрашивали об их взглядах на достоверность. различных новостных организаций. Среди респондентов, давших оценку, 49% заявили, что они доверяют «всей или большей части» сообщений Times, а 50% не согласны. Большой процент (19%) респондентов не смогли оценить достоверность. Оценка Times была сопоставима с оценкой USA Today. Медиа-аналитик Брук Гладстон из WNYC В СМИ в статье для The New York Times, говорит, что снижение общественного доверия к СМИ в США можно объяснить (1) ростом поляризованных интернет-новостей ; (2) снижение доверия к учреждениям США в целом; и (3) тем, что «американцы говорят, что хотят точности ищет и беспристрастности, но опросы показывают, что на самом деле большинство из нас подтверждения».

Награды

The New York Times выиграла 130 Пулитцеровских премий, больше, чем любая другая газета. Премия присуждается за выдающиеся достижения в журналистике в различных категориях.

Кроме того, по состоянию на 2014 год она выиграла три Премии Пибоди и получила две совместно. Награды Peabody Awards вручаются за достижения на телевидении, радио и в интернет-СМИ.

См.

Ссылки

Примечания

Цитаты

Дополнительная литература

• Дэвис, Элмер Холмс (1921). История New York Times, 1851–1921 гг.. Нью-Йорк Таймс.
• Дарем, Минакши Г. (февраль 2013 г.). «Жестокое нападение потрясло Техас»: политика насилия в освещении The New York Times группового изнасилования школьницы ». Журналистика. 14 (1): 1–12. doi : 10.1080 / 1461670X.2012.657907. S2CID 141709189. CS1 maint: ref = harv (ссылка )
• Нокс, Эдвард С. (май 2002 г.). «Нью-Йорк Таймс смотрит на Францию». Французское обозрение. 75 (6): 1172–1180. JSTOR 3132941.
• Лефф, Лорел (1 марта 2000 г.). «Трагическая« драка в семье » : The New York Times, реформистский иудаизм и холокост ». Американская еврейская история. 88 (1): 3–51. doi : 10.1353 / ajh.2000.0016. ISSN 1086-3141. JSTOR 23886315. S2CID 162283819.
• Шварц, Дэниел Р. (2 января 2014 г.). Конец времен ?: Кризисы и беспорядки в The New York Times, 1999-2009 гг.. Олбани: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1438438962. OCLC 802059662.
• Солсбери, Харрисон Э. (1980). Без страха или благосклонность: The New York Times and Its Times (первое издание). Нью-Йорк: Times Books. ISBN 978-0812908855.
• Тейлор, SJ (29 марта 1990 г. Апологет Сталина: Вальтер Д юран. ty: The New York Times’s Man в Москве (1-е изд.). Нью-Йорк: Издательство Оксфордского университета. ISBN 978-0195057003.

Внешние ссылки

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Предложения

Treat her like the New York Times treats its readers.

Обращаться с ней так, как газета «Нью-Йорк Таймс» обращается со своими читателями.

I hardly ever read the New York Times.

Я почти никогда не читаю статьи, опубликованные в Нью-Йорк Таймс.

Not my finest moment in New York Times journalism.

Не самый приятный момент в моей карьере журналиста «Нью Йорк Таймс«.

Okay, welcome to Intercontinental New York Times Square.

Что ж, добро пожаловать в Интерконтиненталь Нью Йорк Таймс Сквер.

No government officials asked The New York Times to withhold the article.

Никто из правительственных чиновников не просил «Нью-Йорк Таймс» отказаться от публикации статьи по этому вопросу.

Interview in the New York Times.

New York Times article from 1907.

The New York Times printed an apology.

The New York Times says we’re hip.

The New York Times tells you how today.

Издание New York Times рассказывает о том, что же происходит сейчас.

The New York Times wrote an apology.

The New York Times called me winningly naïve.

New York Times editors changed the rules.

The New York Times article continues this way.

Первая страница New York Times до сих пор работает таким образом.

He also owns the New York Times.

Thursday, the New York Times published similar findings.

Опрос, проведенный в прошлом году New York Times, показал похожие результаты.

The New York Times wasn’t alone in their statement.

Надо сказать, что «New York Times» не была одинока в своих репортажах.

They think the New York Times is infallible.

I appreciate that the New York Times published my letter.

The New York Times explains what is happening there.

Издание New York Times рассказывает о том, что же происходит сейчас.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Предложения, которые содержат New York Times

Результатов: 12855. Точных совпадений: 12855. Затраченное время: 189 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

The New York Times

All the News That’s Fit to Print
Front page for March 26, 2018
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	The New York Times Company
Founder(s)	Henry Jarvis Raymond George Jones
Publisher	A. G. Sulzberger[1]
Editor-in-chief	Joseph Kahn[1]
Managing editor	Marc Lacey Carolyn Ryan[1]
Staff writers	2,000 news staff (2022)[2]
Founded	September 18, 1851; 171 years ago (as New-York Daily Times)
Headquarters	The New York Times Building, 620 Eighth Avenue New York City, NY, U.S.
Country	United States
Circulation	9,330,000 news subscribers 8,590,000 digital-only 740,000 print (as of November 2022[3])
Sister newspapers	International Herald Tribune (1967–2013) The New York Times International Edition (1943–1967; 2013–currently)
ISSN	0362-4331 (print) 1553-8095 (web)
OCLC number	1645522
Website	www.nytimes.com
Media of the United States List of newspapers

The New York Times (the Times, NYT, or the Gray Lady)^[4] is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2022 to comprise 740,000 paid print subscribers, and 8.6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as The Daily.^[5][6][7] Founded in 1851, it is published by The New York Times Company. The Times has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper,^[8] and has long been regarded as a national «newspaper of record».^[9] For print, it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S.^[10]

The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded, has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure.^[11] A. G. Sulzberger, the paper’s publisher and the company’s chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the paper.^[12][13]

Since the mid-1970s, The New York Times has expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features. Since 2008,^[14] the Times has been organized into the following sections: News, Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed, New York (metropolitan), Business, Sports, Arts, Science, Styles, Home, Travel, and other features.^[15] On Sundays, the Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review (formerly the Week in Review),^[16] The New York Times Book Review,^[17] The New York Times Magazine,^[18] and T: The New York Times Style Magazine.^[19] The editorial pages of The New York Times are typically liberal in their positions.^[20][21]

History

Origins

The New York Times was founded as the New-York Daily Times on September 18, 1851.^[a] Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the Times was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company.^[23] Early investors in the company included Edwin B. Morgan,^[24] Christopher Morgan,^[25] and Edward B. Wesley.^[26] Sold for a penny (equivalent to $0.33 in 2021), the inaugural edition attempted to address various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release:^[27]

We shall be Conservative, in all cases where we think Conservatism essential to the public good;—and we shall be Radical in everything which may seem to us to require radical treatment and radical reform. We do not believe that everything in Society is either exactly right or exactly wrong;—what is good we desire to preserve and improve;—what is evil, to exterminate, or reform.

In 1852, the newspaper started a western division, The Times of California, which arrived whenever a mail boat from New York docked in California. The effort failed once local California newspapers came into prominence.^[28]

On September 14, 1857, the newspaper officially shortened its name to The New-York Times. The hyphen in the city name was dropped on December 1, 1896.^[29] On April 21, 1861, The New York Times began publishing a Sunday edition to offer daily coverage of the Civil War.

The main office of The New York Times was attacked during the New York City draft riots. The riots, sparked by the institution of a draft for the Union Army, began on July 13, 1863. On «Newspaper Row», across from City Hall, co-founder Henry Raymond stopped the rioters with Gatling guns, early machine guns, one of which he wielded himself. The mob diverted, instead attacking the headquarters of abolitionist publisher Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune until being forced to flee by the Brooklyn City Police, who had crossed the East River to help the Manhattan authorities.^[30]

In 1869, Henry Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher.^[31]

The newspaper’s influence grew in 1870 and 1871, when it published a series of exposés on William Tweed, leader of the city’s Democratic Party — popularly known as «Tammany Hall» (from its early-19th-century meeting headquarters) — that led to the end of the Tweed Ring’s domination of New York’s City Hall.^[32] Tweed had offered The New York Times five million dollars (equivalent to 113 million dollars in 2021) to not publish the story.^[24]

In the 1880s, The New York Times gradually transitioned from supporting Republican Party candidates in its editorials to becoming more politically independent and analytical.^[33] In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland (former mayor of Buffalo and governor of New York) in his first presidential campaign.^[34] While this move cost The New York Times a portion of its readership among its more Republican readers (revenue declined from $188,000 to $56,000 from 1883 to 1884), the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years.^[35]

Ochs era

After George Jones died in 1891, Charles Ransom Miller and other New York Times editors raised $1 million (equivalent to $30 million in 2021) to buy the Times, printing it under the New York Times Publishing Company.^[36][37] The newspaper found itself in a financial crisis by the Panic of 1893,^[35] and by 1896, the newspaper had a circulation of less than 9,000 and was losing $1,000 a day. That year, Adolph Ochs, the publisher of the Chattanooga Times, gained a controlling interest in the company for $75,000.^[38]

Shortly after assuming control of the paper, Ochs coined the paper’s slogan, «All The News That’s Fit To Print». This slogan has endured, appearing in the paper since September 1896, and has been printed in a box in the upper left hand corner of the front page since early 1897.^[34] The slogan was seen as a jab at competing publications, such as Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal, which were known for a lurid, sensationalist and often inaccurate reporting of facts and opinions, described by the end of the century as «yellow journalism».^[39] Under Ochs’ guidance, aided by Carr Van Anda, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, and reputation; Sunday circulation went from under 9,000 in 1896 to 780,000 in 1934.^[38] Van Anda also created the newspaper’s photo library, now colloquially referred to as «the morgue.»^[40] In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, The New York Times, along with The Times, received the first on-the-spot wireless telegraph transmission from a naval battle: a report of the destruction of the Russian Navy’s Baltic Fleet, at the Battle of Port Arthur, from the press-boat Haimun.^[41] In 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began.^[34] In 1919, The New York Times‘ first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred by dirigible balloon. In 1920, during the 1920 Republican National Convention, a «4 A.M. Airplane Edition» was sent to Chicago by plane, so it could be in the hands of convention delegates by evening.^[42]

In 1920, Walter Lippmann and Charles Merz published «A Test of the News», about the Times’ coverage of the Russian Revolution. They concluded that its news stories were not based on facts, but «were determined by the hopes of the men who made up the news organisations.» The newspaper referred to events that had not taken place, atrocities that did not exist, and reported no fewer than 91 times that the Bolshevik regime was on the verge of collapse.^[43]

Post-war expansion

Ochs died in 1935^[44] and was succeeded as publisher by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger.^[45] Under his leadership, and that of his son-in-law (and successor),^[46] Orvil Dryfoos,^[47] the paper extended its breadth and reach, beginning in the 1940s. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section first appeared in 1946. The New York Times began an international edition in 1946. (The international edition stopped publishing in 1967, when The New York Times joined the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris.)

After only two years as publisher, Dryfoos died in 1963^[48] and was succeeded^[49] by his brother-in-law, Arthur Ochs «Punch» Sulzberger, who led the Times until 1992 and continued the expansion of the paper.^[50]

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

The paper’s involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring one of the key United States Supreme Court decisions supporting freedom of the press, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. In it, the United States Supreme Court established the «actual malice» standard for press reports about public officials or public figures to be considered defamatory or libelous. The malice standard requires the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case to prove the publisher of the statement knew the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. Because of the high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and difficulty proving malicious intent, such cases by public figures rarely succeed.^[51]

The Pentagon Papers (1971)

In 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States’ political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1967, were given («leaked») to Neil Sheehan of The New York Times by former State Department official Daniel Ellsberg, with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying them. The New York Times began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13. Controversy and lawsuits followed. The papers revealed, among other things, that the government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting airstrikes over Laos, raids along the coast of North Vietnam, and offensive actions were taken by the U.S. Marines well before the public was told about the actions, all while President Lyndon B. Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility gap for the U.S. government, and hurt efforts by the Nixon administration to fight the ongoing war.^[52]

When The New York Times began publishing its series, President Richard Nixon became incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger included «People have gotta be put to the torch for this sort of thing» and «Let’s get the son-of-a-bitch in jail.»^[53] After failing to get The New York Times to stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President Nixon obtained a federal court injunction that The New York Times cease publication of excerpts. The newspaper appealed and the case began working through the court system.

On June 18, 1971, The Washington Post began publishing its own series. Ben Bagdikian, a Post editor, had obtained portions of the papers from Ellsberg. That day the Post received a call from William Rehnquist, an assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, asking them to stop publishing. When the Post refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed.

On June 26, 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into New York Times Co. v. United States.^[54] On June 30, 1971, the Supreme Court held in a 6–3 decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had not met the burden of proof required. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it a lukewarm victory, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security were at stake.^[52]

Late 1970s–1990s

In the 1970s, the paper introduced a number of new lifestyle sections, including Weekend and Home, with the aim of attracting more advertisers and readers. Many criticized the move for betraying the paper’s mission.^[55] On September 7, 1976, the paper switched from an eight-column format to a six-column format. The overall page width stayed the same, with each column becoming wider.^[56] On September 14, 1987, the Times printed the heaviest-ever newspaper, at over 12 pounds (5.4 kg) and 1,612 pages.^[57]

In 1992, «Punch» Sulzberger stepped down as publisher; his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., succeeded him, first as publisher^[58] and then as chairman of the board in 1997.^[59] The Times was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997.^[60]

Digital era

Early digital content

The New York Times switched to a digital production process sometime before 1980, but only began preserving the resulting digital text that year.^[61] In 1983, the Times sold the electronic rights to its articles to LexisNexis. As the online distribution of news increased in the 1990s, the Times decided not to renew the deal and in 1994 the newspaper regained electronic rights to its articles.^[62] On January 22, 1996, NYTimes.com began publishing.^[63]

2000s

In August 2007, the paper reduced the physical size of its print edition, cutting the page width from 13.5 inches (34 cm) to a 12 inches (30 cm). This followed similar moves by a roster of other newspapers in the previous ten years, including USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post. The move resulted in a 5% reduction in news space, but (in an era of dwindling circulation and significant advertising revenue losses) also saved about $12 million a year.^[64][65]

In September 2008, The New York Times announced that it would be combining certain sections effective October 6, 2008, in editions printed in the New York metropolitan area.^[64] The changes folded the Metro Section into the main International / National news section and combined Sports and Business (except Saturday through Monday, while Sports continues to be printed as a standalone section). This change also included having the Metro section called New York outside of the Tri-State Area. The presses used by The New York Times can allow four sections to be printed simultaneously; as the paper includes more than four sections on all days except for Saturday, the sections were required to be printed separately in an early press run and collated together. The changes allowed The New York Times to print in four sections Monday through Wednesday, in addition to Saturday. The New York Times‘ announcement stated that the number of news pages and employee positions would remain unchanged, with the paper realizing cost savings by cutting overtime expenses.^[14]

Because of its declining sales largely attributed to the rise of online news sources, favored especially by younger readers, and the decline of advertising revenue, the newspaper had been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,^[66] in common with a general trend among print news media. Following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million.^[67]

In 2009, the newspaper began production of local inserts in regions outside of the New York area. Beginning October 16, 2009, a two-page «Bay Area» insert was added to copies of the Northern California edition on Fridays and Sundays. The newspaper commenced production of a similar Friday and Sunday insert to the Chicago edition on November 20, 2009. The inserts consist of local news, policy, sports, and culture pieces, usually supported by local advertisements.

2010s

In December 2012, the Times published «Snow Fall», a six-part article about the 2012 Tunnel Creek avalanche which integrated videos, photos, and interactive graphics and was hailed as a watershed moment for online journalism.^[68][69]

In 2013, «How Y’all, Youse and You Guys Talk,» an interactive quiz created by intern Josh Katz,^[70] based on the Harvard Dialect Survey, which collected responses of more than 50,000 people answering 122 questions about the way they said different things across the United States^[71] became the Times most popular piece of content of the year.^[70]

In 2016, reporters for the newspaper were reportedly the target of cybersecurity breaches. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was reportedly investigating the attacks. The cybersecurity breaches have been described as possibly being related to cyberattacks that targeted other institutions, such as the Democratic National Committee.^[72]

During the 2016 presidential election, the Times played an important role in elevating the Hillary Clinton emails controversy into the most important subject of media coverage in the election which Clinton would lose narrowly to Donald Trump. The controversy received more media coverage than any other topic during the presidential campaign.^[73][74][75] Clinton and other observers argue that coverage of the emails controversy contributed to her loss in the election.^[76] According to a Columbia Journalism Review analysis, «in just six days, The New York Times ran as many cover stories about Hillary Clinton’s emails as they did about all policy issues combined in the 69 days leading up to the election (and that does not include the three additional articles on October 18, and November 6 and 7, or the two articles on the emails taken from John Podesta).»^[73]

In October 2018, the Times published a 14,218-word investigation into Donald Trump’s «self-made» fortune and tax avoidance, an 18-month project based on examination of 100,000 pages of documents. The extensive article ran as an eight-page feature in the print edition and also was adapted into a shortened 2,500 word listicle featuring its key takeaways.^[77] After the midweek front-page story, the Times also republished the piece as a 12-page «special report» section in the Sunday paper.^[78] During the lengthy investigation, Showtime cameras followed the Times‘ three investigative reporters for a half-hour documentary called The Family Business: Trump and Taxes, which aired the following Sunday.^[79][80][81] The report won a Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting.^[82]

In May 2019, The New York Times announced that it would present a television news program based on news from its individual reporters stationed around the world and that it would premiere on FX and Hulu.^[83]

2020s

In August 2021, the paper announced an effort to make 18 newsletters available only to subscribers, even though some of the most popular ones would remain free. Part of this was in response to competition from Substack.^{[84][85][86][87][88]}

In January 2022, the New York Times Company announced that it would acquire The Athletic, a subscription-based sports news website. The $550 million deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2022, and The Athletic‘s co-founders, Alex Mather and Adam Hansmann, would stay with the publication, which would continue to be run separately from the Times.^[89][90] Recode/Vox reported that this acquisition was part of an effort for the paper to get a younger, more diverse readership, as were offerings like games, cooking, and audio.^[91] The same month, the paper announced it was acquiring Wordle, a relatively new game that became popular rather quickly and that would remain free «initially.»^{[92][93][94][95][96][97]}

In April 2022, The New York Times published a three-part 20,000-word investigative series on Fox News host Tucker Carlson called «American Nationalist». The investigative series documents Carlson’s rise to prominence and his rhetoric on immigration, race relations and the COVID-19 pandemic.^{[98][99][100][101][102]} Carlson responded by saying that he has not read «American Nationalist» and does not plan to. He also denied allegations from the Times about obsessing over ratings, saying that «I’ve never read the ratings a single day in my life. I don’t even know how. Ask anyone at Fox,» and that «Most of the big positions I’ve taken in the past five years—against the neocons, the vax and the war [in Ukraine]—have been very unpopular with our audience at first.»^[98]

In December 2022, over 1,000 Times staffers staged a strike for the first time in over 40 years.^[103]

Headquarters building

The newspaper’s first building was located at 113 Nassau Street in New York City. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use.^[104]

The newspaper moved its headquarters to the Times Tower, located at 1475 Broadway in 1904,^[105] in an area then called Longacre Square, that was later renamed Times Square in the newspaper’s honor.^[106] The top of the building—now known as One Times Square—is the site of the New Year’s Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball, which was begun by the paper.^[107] The building is also known for its electronic news ticker—popularly known as «The Zipper»—where headlines crawl around the outside of the building.^[108] It is still in use, but has been operated by Dow Jones & Company since 1995.^[109] After nine years in its Times Square tower, the newspaper had an annex built at 229 West 43rd Street.^[110] After several expansions, the 43rd Street building became the newspaper’s main headquarters in 1960 and the Times Tower on Broadway was sold the following year.^[111] It served as the newspaper’s main printing plant until 1997, when the newspaper opened a state-of-the-art printing plant in the College Point section of Queens.^[112]

A decade later, The New York Times moved its newsroom and businesses headquarters from West 43rd Street to a new tower at 620 Eighth Avenue between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan, directly across Eighth Avenue from the Port Authority Bus Terminal. The new headquarters for the newspaper, known officially as The New York Times Building but unofficially called the new «Times Tower» by many New Yorkers, is a skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano.^[113][114]

Gender discrimination in employment

Discriminatory practices used by the paper long restricted women in appointments to editorial positions. The newspaper’s first general female reporter was Jane Grant, who described her experience afterward: «In the beginning I was charged not to reveal the fact that a female had been hired». Other reporters nicknamed her Fluff and she was subjected to considerable hazing. Because of her gender, any promotion was out of the question, according to the then-managing editor. She remained on the staff for fifteen years, interrupted by World War I.^[115]

In 1935, Anne McCormick wrote to Arthur Hays Sulzberger: «I hope you won’t expect me to revert to ‘woman’s-point-of-view’ stuff.»^[116] Later, she interviewed major political leaders and appears to have had easier access than her colleagues. Even witnesses of her actions were unable to explain how she gained the interviews she did.^[117] Clifton Daniel said, «[After World War II,] I’m sure Adenauer called her up and invited her to lunch. She never had to grovel for an appointment.»^[118]

Covering world leaders’ speeches after World War II at the National Press Club was limited to men by a club rule. When women were eventually allowed to hear the speeches directly, they were still not allowed to ask the speakers questions. Men were allowed and did ask, even though some of the women had won Pulitzer Prizes for prior work.^[119] Times reporter Maggie Hunter refused to return to the club after covering one speech on assignment.^[120] Nan Robertson’s article on the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, was read aloud as anonymous by a professor, who then said: «‘It will come as a surprise to you, perhaps, that the reporter is a girl,‘ he began… [G]asps; amazement in the ranks. ‘She had used all her senses, not just her eyes, to convey the smell and feel of the stockyards. She chose a difficult subject, an offensive subject. Her imagery was strong enough to revolt you.'»^[121] The New York Times hired Kathleen McLaughlin after ten years at the Chicago Tribune, where «[s]he did a series on maids, going out herself to apply for housekeeping jobs.»^[122]

Slogan

The New York Times has had one slogan. Since 1896, the newspaper’s slogan has been «All the News That’s Fit to Print.» In 1896, Adolph Ochs held a competition to attempt to find a replacement slogan, offering a $100 prize for the best one. Though he later announced that the original would not be changed, the prize would still be awarded. Entries included «News, Not Nausea»; «In One Word: Adequate»; «News Without Noise»; «Out Heralds The Herald, Informs The World, and Extinguishes The Sun«; «The Public Press is a Public Trust»; and the winner of the competition, «All the world’s news, but not a school for scandal.»^{[123][124][125][126]} On May 10, 1960, Wright Patman asked the FTC to investigate whether The New York Times’s slogan was misleading or false advertising. Within 10 days, the FTC responded that it was not.^[127]

Again in 1996, a competition was held to find a new slogan, this time for NYTimes.com. Over 8,000 entries were submitted, with «All the News That’s Fit to Print» found to be the best.^[128]

Organization

Meredith Kopit Levien has been president and chief executive officer since September 2020.^[129]

News staff

In addition to its New York City headquarters, the paper has newsrooms in London and Hong Kong.^[130][131] Its Paris newsroom, which had been the headquarters of the paper’s international edition, was closed in 2016, although the city remains home to a news bureau and an advertising office.^[132][133] The paper also has an editing and wire service center in Gainesville, Florida.^[134]

As of 2013, the newspaper had six news bureaus in the New York region, 14 elsewhere in the United States, and 24 in other countries.^[135]

In 2009, Russ Stanton, editor of the Los Angeles Times, a competitor, stated that the newsroom of The New York Times was twice the size of the Los Angeles Times, which had a newsroom of 600 at the time.^[136]

To facilitate their reporting and to hasten an otherwise lengthy process of reviewing many documents during preparation for publication, their interactive news team has adapted optical character recognition technology into a proprietary tool known as Document Helper.^[137] It enables the team to accelerate the processing of documents that need to be reviewed. During March 2019, they documented that this tool enabled them to process 900 documents in less than ten minutes in preparation for reporters to review the contents.^[138]

The newspaper’s editorial staff, including over 3,000 reporters and media staff, are unionized with NewsGuild. In 2021, the Times‘s digital technology staff formed a union with NewsGuild,^[139] which the company declined to voluntarily recognize.^[140]

Ochs-Sulzberger family

In 1896, Adolph Ochs bought The New York Times, a money-losing newspaper, and formed the New York Times Company. The Ochs-Sulzberger family, one of the United States’ newspaper dynasties, has owned The New York Times ever since.^[34] The publisher went public on January 14, 1969, trading at $42 a share on the American Stock Exchange.^[141] After this, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders are permitted restrictive voting rights, while Class B shareholders are allowed open voting rights.

The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88 percent of the company’s class B shares. Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The trust board members are Daniel H. Cohen, James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick, Susan W. Dryfoos, Michael Golden, Eric M. A. Lax, Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr., and Cathy J. Sulzberger.^[142]

Turner Catledge, the top editor at The New York Times from 1952 to 1968, wanted to hide the ownership influence. Arthur Sulzberger routinely wrote memos to his editor, each containing suggestions, instructions, complaints, and orders. When Catledge would receive these memos, he would erase the publisher’s identity before passing them to his subordinates. Catledge thought that if he removed the publisher’s name from the memos, it would protect reporters from feeling pressured by the owner.^[143]

Public editors

The position of public editor was established in 2003 to «investigate matters of journalistic integrity»; each public editor was to serve a two-year term.^[144] The post «was established to receive reader complaints and question Times journalists on how they make decisions.»^[145] The impetus for the creation of the public editor position was the Jayson Blair affair. Public editors were: Daniel Okrent (2003–2005), Byron Calame (2005–2007), Clark Hoyt (2007–2010) (served an extra year), Arthur S. Brisbane (2010–2012), Margaret Sullivan (2012–2016) (served a four-year term), and Elizabeth Spayd (2016–2017). In 2017, the Times eliminated the position of public editor.^[145]

Content

Editorial stance

The editorial pages of The New York Times are typically liberal in their position.^[20][21] In mid-2004, the newspaper’s then public editor (ombudsman), Daniel Okrent, wrote that «the Op-Ed page editors do an evenhanded job of representing a range of views in the essays from outsiders they publish – but you need an awfully heavy counterweight to balance a page that also bears the work of seven opinionated columnists, only two of whom could be classified as conservative (and, even then, of the conservative subspecies that supports legalization of gay unions and, in the case of William Safire, opposes some central provisions of the Patriot Act).»^[146]

The New York Times has not endorsed a Republican Party member for president since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956; since 1960, it has endorsed the Democratic Party nominee in every presidential election (see New York Times presidential endorsements).^[147] The New York Times did endorse incumbent moderate Republican mayors of New York City Rudy Giuliani in 1997,^[148] and Michael Bloomberg in 2005 and 2009.^[149] The Times also endorsed Republican New York state governor George Pataki for re-election in 2002.^[150]

Style

Unlike most U.S. daily newspapers, the Times relies on its own in-house stylebook rather than The Associated Press Stylebook. When referring to people, The New York Times generally uses honorifics rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, pop culture coverage,^[151] and the Book Review and Magazine).^[152]

The New York Times printed a display advertisement on its first page on January 6, 2009, breaking tradition at the paper.^[153] The advertisement, for CBS, was in color and ran the entire width of the page.^[154] The newspaper promised it would place first-page advertisements on only the lower half of the page.^[153]

In August 2014, the Times decided to use the word «torture» to describe incidents in which interrogators «inflicted pain on a prisoner in an effort to get information.» This was a shift from the paper’s previous practice of describing such practices as «harsh» or «brutal» interrogations.^[155]

The paper maintains a strict profanity policy. A 2007 review of a concert by the punk band Fucked Up, for example, completely avoided mention of the group’s name.^[156] The Times has on occasion published unfiltered video content that includes profanity and slurs where it has determined that such video has news value.^[157] During the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign, the Times did print the words «fuck» and «pussy,» among others, when reporting on the vulgar statements made by Donald Trump in a 2005 recording. Then-Times politics editor Carolyn Ryan said: «It’s a rare thing for us to use this language in our stories, even in quotes, and we discussed it at length.» Ryan said the paper ultimately decided to publish it because of its news value and because «[t]o leave it out or simply describe it seemed awkward and less than forthright to us, especially given that we would be running a video that showed our readers exactly what was said.»^[158]

Products

Print newspaper

In the absence of a major headline, the day’s most important story generally appears in the top-right column, on the main page. The typefaces used for the headlines are custom variations of Cheltenham. The running text is set at 8.7 point Imperial.^[159][160]

The newspaper is organized into three sections, including the magazine:

1. News: Includes International, National, Washington, Business, Technology, Science, Health, Sports, The Metro Section, Education, Weather, and Obituaries.
2. Opinion: Includes Editorials, Op-eds and Letters to the Editor.
3. Features: Includes Arts, Movies, Theater, Travel, NYC Guide, Food, Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword, The New York Times Book Review, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, The New York Times Magazine, and Sunday Review.

Some sections, such as Metro, are only found in the editions of the paper distributed in the New York–New Jersey–Connecticut tri-state area and not in the national or Washington, D.C. editions.^[161] Aside from a weekly roundup of reprints of editorial cartoons from other newspapers, The New York Times does not have its own staff editorial cartoonist, nor does it feature a comics page or Sunday comics section.^[162]

From 1851 to 2017, The New York Times published around 60,000 print issues containing about 3.5 million pages and 15 million articles.^[61]

Like most other American newspapers,^[164] The New York Times has experienced a decline in circulation. Its printed weekday circulation dropped by 50 percent to 540,000 copies from 2005 to 2017.^[163]

International Edition

The New York Times International Edition is a print version of the paper tailored for readers outside the United States. Formerly a joint venture with The Washington Post named The International Herald Tribune, The New York Times took full ownership of the paper in 2002 and has gradually integrated it more closely into its domestic operations.

Website

The New York Times began publishing daily on the World Wide Web on January 22, 1996, «offering readers around the world immediate access to most of the daily newspaper’s contents.»^[165] The website had 555 million pageviews and 15 million unique visitors in March 2005.^[166] By March 2020, this had risen to 2.5 billion pageviews and 240 million unique visitors.^[167]

As of May 2009, nytimes.com produced 22 of the 50 most popular newspaper blogs.^[168]

As of August 2020, the company had 6.5 million paid subscribers, out of which 5.7 million were subscribed to its digital content. In the period April–June 2020, it added 669,000 new digital subscribers.^[169]

Food section

The food section is supplemented on the web by properties for home cooks and for out-of-home dining. The New York Times Cooking (cooking.nytimes.com; also available via iOS app) provides access to more than 17,000 recipes on file as of November 2016,^[170] and availability of saving recipes from other sites around the web. The newspaper’s restaurant search (nytimes.com/reviews/dining) allows online readers to search NYC area restaurants by cuisine, neighborhood, price, and reviewer rating. The New York Times has also published several cookbooks, including The Essential New York Times Cookbook: Classic Recipes for a New Century, published in late 2010.

TimesSelect

In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as TimesSelect, which encompassed many previously free columns. Until being discontinued two years later, TimesSelect cost $7.95 per month or $49.95 per year,^[171] though it was free for print copy subscribers and university students and faculty.^[172][173] To avoid this charge, bloggers often reposted TimesSelect material,^[174] and at least one site once compiled links of reprinted material.^[175]

On September 17, 2007, The New York Times announced that it would stop charging for access to parts of its Web site, effective at midnight the following day, reflecting a growing view in the industry that subscription fees cannot outweigh the potential ad revenue from increased traffic on a free site.^[176]

Times columnists including Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman had criticized TimesSelect,^[177] with Friedman going so far as to say «I hate it. It pains me enormously because it’s cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India … I feel totally cut off from my audience.»^[178]

Paywall and digital subscriptions

In 2007, in addition to opening almost the entire site to all readers, The New York Times news archives from 1987 to the present were made available at no charge to non-subscribers,^[179] as well as those from 1851 to 1922, which are in the public domain.^[180]

Falling print advertising revenue and projections of continued decline resulted in a «metered paywall» being instituted in March 2011, limiting non-subscribers to a monthly allotment of 20 free on-line articles per month.^[181][182] This measure was regarded as modestly successful after garnering several hundred thousand subscriptions and about $100 million in revenue as of March 2012.^[183][184]

Beginning in April 2012, the number of free-access articles was halved from 20 to 10 articles per month.^[184] Any reader who wanted to access more would have to pay for a digital subscription. This plan allowed free access for occasional readers. Digital subscription rates for four weeks ranged from $15 to $35 depending on the package selected, with periodic new subscriber promotions offering four-week all-digital access for as low as 99¢. Subscribers to the paper’s print edition got full access without any additional fee. Some content, such as the front page and section fronts remained free, as well as the Top News page on mobile apps. In January 2013, The New York Times‘ Public Editor Margaret M. Sullivan announced that for the first time in many decades, the paper generated more revenue through subscriptions than through advertising.^[185]

In December 2017, the number of free articles per month was reduced from 10 to 5, the first change to the metered paywall since April 2012.^[186] An executive of the New York Times Company stated that the decision was motivated by «an all-time high» in the demand for journalism.^[186] A digital subscription to The New York Times cost $16 a month in 2017.^[186] As of December 2017, The New York Times had a total of 3.5 million paid subscriptions in both print and digital versions, and about 130 million monthly readers, more than double its audience two years previously.^[187] In February 2018, the New York Times Company reported increased revenue from the digital-only subscriptions, adding 157,000 new subscribers to a total of 2.6 million digital-only subscribers. Digital advertising also saw growth during this period. At the same time, advertising for the print version of the journal fell.^[188][189]

Mobile presence

Apps

In 2008, The New York Times was made available as an app for the iPhone and iPod Touch;^[190] as well as publishing an iPad app in 2010.^[191][192] The app allowed users to download articles to their mobile device enabling them to read the paper even when they were unable to receive a signal.^[193] As of October 2010, The New York Times iPad app is ad-supported and available for free without a paid subscription, but translated into a subscription-based model in 2011.^[191]

In 2010, The New York Times editors collaborated with students and faculty from New York University’s Studio 20 Journalism Masters program to launch and produce «The Local East Village», a hyperlocal blog designed to offer news «by, for and about the residents of the East Village».^[194] That same year, reCAPTCHA helped to digitize old editions of The New York Times.^[195]

In 2010, the newspaper also launched an app for Android smartphones, followed later by an app for Windows Phones.^[196]

Moreover, the Times was the first newspaper to offer a video game as part of its editorial content, Food Import Folly by Persuasive Games.^[197]

The Times Reader

The Times Reader is a digital version of The New York Times, created via a collaboration between the newspaper and Microsoft. Times Reader takes the principles of print journalism and applies them to the technique of online reporting, using a series of technologies developed by Microsoft and their Windows Presentation Foundation team. It was announced in Seattle in April 2006, by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., Bill Gates, and Tom Bodkin.^[198]

In 2009, the Times Reader 2.0 was rewritten in Adobe AIR.^[199] In December 2013, the newspaper announced that the Times Reader app would be discontinued as of January 6, 2014, urging readers of the app to instead begin using the subscription-only Today’s Paper app.^[200]

Podcasts

The New York Times began producing podcasts in 2006. Among the early podcasts were Inside The Times and Inside The New York Times Book Review. Several of the Times‘ podcasts were cancelled in 2012.^[201][202]

The Times returned to launching new podcasts in 2016, including Modern Love with WBUR.^[203] On January 30, 2017, The New York Times launched a news podcast, The Daily.^[204][205] In October 2018, NYT debuted The Argument with opinion columnists Ross Douthat, Michelle Goldberg and David Leonhardt. It is a weekly discussion about a single issue explained from the left, center, and right of the political spectrum.^[206]

Non-English versions

Chinese-language

In June 2012, The New York Times introduced its first official foreign-language variant, cn.nytimes.com, a Chinese-language news site viewable in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters. The project was led by Craig S. Smith on the business side and Philip P. Pan on the editorial side,^[207] with content created by staff based in Shanghai, Beijing, and Hong Kong, though the server was placed outside of China to avoid censorship issues.^[208]

The site’s initial success was interrupted in October that year following the publication of an investigative article^[b] by David Barboza about the finances of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao’s family.^[209] In retaliation for the article, the Chinese government blocked access to both nytimes.com and cn.nytimes.com inside the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Despite Chinese government interference, the Chinese-language operations continued to develop, briefly adding a second site, cn.nytstyle.com, iOS and Android apps, and newsletters, some of which are accessible inside the PRC. The China operations also produce print publications in Chinese. Traffic to cn.nytimes.com, meanwhile, has risen due to the widespread use of VPN technology in the PRC and to a growing Chinese audience outside mainland China.^[210] The New York Times articles are also available to users in China via the use of mirror websites, apps, domestic newspapers, and social media.^[210][211] The Chinese platforms now represent one of The New York Times‘ top five digital markets globally. The editor-in-chief of the Chinese platforms is Ching-Ching Ni.^[212]

The New York Times en Español (Spanish-language)

Between February 2016 and September 2019, The New York Times launched a standalone Spanish-language edition, The New York Times en Español. The Spanish-language version featured increased coverage of news and events in Latin America and Spain. The expansion into Spanish language news content allowed the newspaper to expand its audience into the Spanish speaking world and increase its revenue. The Spanish-language version was seen as a way to compete with the established El País newspaper of Spain, which bills itself the «global newspaper in Spanish.»^[213] Its Spanish version has a team of journalists in Mexico City as well as correspondents in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Miami, and Madrid, Spain.^[214][215] It was discontinued in September 2019, citing lack of financial success as the reason.^[216]

In March 2013, The New York Times and National Film Board of Canada announced a partnership titled A Short History of the Highrise, which will create four short documentaries for the Internet about life in high rise buildings as part of the NFB’s Highrise project, utilizing images from the newspaper’s photo archives for the first three films, and user-submitted images for the final film.^[217] The third project in the Short History of the Highrise series won a Peabody Award in 2013.^[218]

TimesMachine

The TimesMachine is a Web-based archive of scanned issues of The New York Times from 1851 through 2002.^[219]

Unlike The New York Times online archive, the TimesMachine presents scanned images of the actual newspaper.^[220] All non-advertising content can be displayed on a per-story basis in a separate PDF display page and saved for future reference.^[221] The archive is available to The New York Times subscribers, whether via home delivery or digital access.^[219]

––––––––––––––––––––

Interruptions

Because of holidays, no editions were printed on November 23, 1851; January 2, 1852; July 4, 1852; January 2, 1853; and January 1, 1854.^[222]

Because of strikes, the regular edition of The New York Times was not printed during the following periods:^[223]

• September 19, 1923, to September 26, 1923. An unauthorized local union strike prevented the publication of several New York papers, among them The New York Times. During this period «The Combined New York Morning Newspapers,» were published with summaries of the news.^[224]
• December 12, 1962, to March 31, 1963. Only a western edition was printed because of the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike.^[224]
• September 17, 1965, to October 10, 1965. An international edition was printed, and a weekend edition replaced the Saturday and Sunday papers.
• August 10, 1978, to November 5, 1978. The multi-union 1978 New York City newspaper strike shut down the three major New York City newspapers. No editions of The New York Times were printed.^[222] Two months into the strike, a parody of The New York Times called Not The New York Times was distributed in the city, with contributors such as Carl Bernstein, Christopher Cerf, Tony Hendra and George Plimpton.^[225]

The newspaper’s website was hacked on August 29, 2013, by the Syrian Electronic Army, a hacking group that supports the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The SEA managed to penetrate the paper’s domain name registrar, Melbourne IT, and alter DNS records for The New York Times, putting some of its websites out of service for hours.^[226]

Controversies

This article’s Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article’s neutrality by separating out potentially negative information. Please integrate the section’s contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (October 2021)

Ukraine

Walter Duranty, who served as its Moscow bureau chief from 1922 through 1936, has been criticized for a series of stories in 1931 on the Soviet Union and won a Pulitzer Prize for his work at that time. Criticism rose for his denial of widespread famine, known in Ukraine as the Holodomor, in the early 1930s in which he summarized Soviet propaganda, and the Times published, as fact: «Conditions are bad, but there is no famine».^{[227][228][229][230][231]}

In 2003, after the Pulitzer Board began a renewed inquiry, the Times hired Mark von Hagen, professor of Russian history at Columbia University, to review Duranty’s work. Von Hagen found Duranty’s reports to be unbalanced and uncritical, and that they far too often gave voice to Stalinist propaganda. In comments to the press he stated, «For the sake of The New York Times‘ honor, they should take the prize away.»^[232] The Ukrainian Weekly covered the efforts to rescind Duranty’s prize.^[233][234] The Times has since made a public statement and the Pulitzer committee has declined to rescind the award twice, stating that «Mr. Duranty’s 1931 work, measured by today’s standards for foreign reporting, falls seriously short. In that regard, the Board’s view is similar to that of The New York Times itself.»^[234][235]

World War II

Jerold Auerbach, a Guggenheim Fellow and Fulbright Lecturer, wrote in Print to Fit, The New York Times, Zionism and Israel, 1896–2016^[236] that it was of utmost importance to Adolph Ochs, the first Jewish owner of the paper, that in spite of the persecution of Jews in Germany, the Times, through its reporting, should never be classified as a «Jewish newspaper».^[237]

After Ochs’ death in 1935, his son-in-law Arthur Hays Sulzberger became the publisher of The New York Times and maintained the understanding that no reporting should reflect on the Times as a Jewish newspaper. Sulzberger shared Ochs’ concerns about the way Jews were perceived in American society. His apprehensions about judgement were manifested positively by his strong fidelity to the United States. At the same time, within the pages of The New York Times, Sulzberger refused to bring attention to Jews, including the refusal to identify Jews as major victims of Nazi genocide. Instead, many reports of Nazi-ordered slaughter identified Jewish victims as «persons.» The Times even opposed the rescue of Jewish refugees.^[238]

On November 14, 2001, in The New York Times‘ 150th-anniversary issue, in an article entitled «Turning Away From the Holocaust,» former executive editor Max Frankel wrote:

And then there was failure: none greater than the staggering, staining failure of The New York Times to depict Hitler’s methodical extermination of the Jews of Europe as a horror beyond all other horrors in World War II – a Nazi war within the war crying out for illumination.^[239]

According to Frankel, harsh judges of The New York Times «have blamed ‘self-hating Jews’ and ‘anti-Zionists’ among the paper’s owners and staff.» Frankel responded to this criticism by describing the fragile sensibilities of the Jewish owners of The New York Times:

Then, too, papers owned by Jewish families, like The Times, were plainly afraid to have a society that was still widely anti-Semitic misread their passionate opposition to Hitler as a merely parochial cause. Even some leading Jewish groups hedged their appeals for rescue lest they be accused of wanting to divert wartime energies.
At The Times, the reluctance to highlight the systematic slaughter of Jews was undoubtedly influenced by the views of the publisher, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. He believed strongly and publicly that Judaism was a religion, not a race or nationality – that Jews should be separate only in the way they worshiped. He thought they needed no state or political and social institutions of their own. He went to great lengths to avoid having The Times branded a Jewish newspaper. He resented other publications for emphasizing the Jewishness of people in the news.^[239]

In the same article, Frankel quotes Laurel Leff, associate professor of journalism at Northeastern University, who in 2000 had described how the newspaper downplayed Nazi Germany’s targeting of Jews for genocide.^[240]

November 1942 was a critical month for American Jews. After several months of delay, the U.S. State Department had confirmed already published information that Germany was engaged in the systematic extermination of European Jews. Newspaper reports put the death toll at one million and described the «most ruthless methods,» including mass gassings at special camps.^[240]

Yet at the beginning of November 1942, Sulzberger lobbied U.S. government officials against the founding of a homeland for Jews to escape to. The Times was silent on the matter of an increase in U.S. immigration quotas to permit more Jews to enter, and «actively supported the British Government’s restriction on legal immigration to Palestine even as the persecution of Jews intensified».^[240] Sulzberger described Jews as being of no more concern to Nazi Germany than Roman Catholic priests or Christian ministers, and that Jews certainly were not singled out for extermination.^[240]

Leff’s 2005 book Buried by the Times documents the paper’s tendency before, during, and after World War II to place deep inside its daily editions the news stories about the ongoing persecution and extermination of Jews, while obscuring in those stories the special impact of the Nazis’ crimes on Jews in particular. Leff attributes this dearth in part to the complex personal and political views of Sulzberger, concerning Jewishness, antisemitism, and Zionism.^[241]

Accusations of liberal bias

In 2004, the newspaper’s public editor Daniel Okrent said in an opinion piece that The New York Times did have a liberal bias in news coverage of certain social issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage.^[146] He stated that this bias reflected the paper’s cosmopolitanism, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City, writing that the coverage of the Times‘s Arts & Leisure; Culture; and the Sunday Times Magazine trend to the left.^[146]

If you’re examining the paper’s coverage of these subjects from a perspective that is neither urban nor Northeastern nor culturally seen-it-all; if you are among the groups The Times treats as strange objects to be examined on a laboratory slide (devout Catholics, gun owners, Orthodox Jews, Texans); if your value system wouldn’t wear well on a composite New York Times journalist, then a walk through this paper can make you feel you’re traveling in a strange and forbidding world.

Times public editor Arthur Brisbane wrote in 2012:^[242]

When The Times covers a national presidential campaign, I have found that the lead editors and reporters are disciplined about enforcing fairness and balance, and usually succeed in doing so. Across the paper’s many departments, though, so many share a kind of political and cultural progressivism — for lack of a better term — that this worldview virtually bleeds through the fabric of The Times.

The New York Times public editor (ombudsman) Elizabeth Spayd wrote in 2016 that «Conservatives and even many moderates, see in The Times a blue-state worldview» and accuse it of harboring a liberal bias. Spayd did not analyze the substance of the claim but did opine that the Times is «part of a fracturing media environment that reflects a fractured country. That in turn leads liberals and conservatives toward separate news sources.»^[243] Times executive editor Dean Baquet stated that he does not believe coverage has a liberal bias:^[243]

We have to be really careful that people feel like they can see themselves in The New York Times. I want us to be perceived as fair and honest to the world, not just a segment of it. It’s a really difficult goal. Do we pull it off all the time? No.

Jayson Blair plagiarism (2003)

In May 2003, The New York Times reporter Jayson Blair was forced to resign from the newspaper after he was caught plagiarizing and fabricating elements of his stories. Some critics contended that Blair’s race was a major factor in his hiring and in The New York Times‘ initial reluctance to fire him.^[244]

Iraq War (2003–06)

The Times supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[245] On May 26, 2004, more than a year after the war started, the newspaper asserted that some of its articles had not been as rigorous as they should have been, and were insufficiently qualified, frequently overly dependent upon information from Iraqi exiles desiring regime change.^[246]
The New York Times admitted «Articles based on dire claims about Iraq tended to get prominent display, while follow-up articles that called the original ones into question were sometimes buried. In some cases, there was no follow-up at all.» The paper said it was encouraged to report the claims by «United States officials convinced of the need to intervene in Iraq».^[247]

The New York Times was involved in a significant controversy regarding the allegations surrounding Iraq and weapons of mass destruction in September 2002.^[248] A front-page story was authored by Judith Miller which claimed that the Iraqi government was in the process of developing nuclear weapons was published.^[249] Miller’s story was cited by officials such as Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell, and Donald Rumsfeld as part of a campaign to commission the Iraq War.^[250] One of Miller’s prime sources was Ahmed Chalabi, an Iraqi expatriate who returned to Iraq after the U.S. invasion and held a number of governmental positions culminating in acting oil minister and deputy prime minister from May 2005 until May 2006.^{[251][252][253][254]} In 2005, negotiating a private severance package with Sulzberger, Miller retired after criticisms that her reporting of the lead-up to the Iraq War was factually inaccurate and overly favorable to the position of the Bush administration, for which The New York Times later apologized.^[255][256]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

A 2003 study in the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics concluded that The New York Times reporting was more favorable to Israelis than to Palestinians.^[257] A 2002 study published in the journal Journalism examined Middle East coverage of the Second Intifada over a one-month period in The New York Times, The Washington Post and the Chicago Tribune. The study authors said that the Times was «the most slanted in a pro-Israeli direction» with a bias «reflected…in its use of headlines, photographs, graphics, sourcing practices, and lead paragraphs.»^[258]

For its coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, some (such as Ed Koch) have claimed that the paper is pro-Palestinian, while others (such as As’ad AbuKhalil) have claimed that it is pro-Israel.^[259][260] The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, by political science professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, alleges The New York Times sometimes criticizes Israeli policies but is not even-handed and is generally pro-Israel.^[261] In 2009, the Simon Wiesenthal Center criticized the newspaper for printing cartoons regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that were described as «hideously anti-Semitic».^[262]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejected a proposal to write an article for the paper on grounds of lack of objectivity. A piece in which Thomas Friedman commented that praise given to Netanyahu during a speech at the U.S. Congress was «paid for by the Israel lobby» elicited an apology and clarification from its author.^[263]

The 1619 Project

The 1619 Project, a long-form journalism project re-evaluating slavery and its legacy in the United States led by investigative journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones, has received criticism from some historians.^[264][265]

In December 2019, twelve historians wrote to The New York Times Magazine,^[266] expressing concern over what they alleged were inaccuracies and falsehoods fundamental to Hannah-Jones’ reporting.^[267] The magazine’s editor-in-chief, Jake Silverstein, responded to the historians’ letter in an editorial, in which he called into question the historical accuracy of some of the letter’s claims.^[268] In an article in The Atlantic, historian Sean Wilentz responded to Silverstein, writing, «No effort to educate the public in order to advance social justice can afford to dispense with a respect for basic facts» and disputed the accuracy of Silverstein’s defense of the project.^[269]

In September 2020, the Times updated the opening text of the project website to remove the phrase «understanding 1619 as our true founding» without accompanying editorial notes. Times columnist Bret Stephens wrote that the differences showed that the newspaper was backing away from some of the initiative’s more controversial claims.^[270] The Times defended its practices, with Hannah-Jones emphasizing how most of the project’s content has remained unchanged.^[271][272]

Reputation

The Times has developed a national and international «reputation for thoroughness».^[273] Among journalists, the paper is held in high regard; a 1999 survey of newspaper editors conducted by the Columbia Journalism Review found that the Times was the «best» American paper, ahead of The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and Los Angeles Times.^[274][275] The Times also was ranked #1 in a 2011 «quality» ranking of U.S. newspapers by Daniel de Vise of The Washington Post; the objective ranking took into account the number of recent Pulitzer Prizes won, circulation, and perceived Web site quality.^[275] A 2012 report in WNYC called the Times «the most respected newspaper in the world.»^[276]

Nevertheless, like many other U.S. media sources, the Times has suffered from a decline in public perceptions of credibility in the U.S. in the early 21st century.^[277] A Pew Research Center survey in 2012 asked respondents about their views on credibility of various news organizations. Among respondents who gave a rating, 49% said that they believed «all or most» of the Times‘s reporting, while 50% disagreed. A large percentage (19%) of respondents were unable to rate believability. The Times‘s score was comparable to that of USA Today.^[277] Media analyst Brooke Gladstone of WNYC’s On the Media, writing for The New York Times, says that the decline in U.S. public trust of the mass media can be explained (1) by the rise of the polarized Internet-driven news; (2) by a decline in trust in U.S. institutions more generally; and (3) by the fact that «Americans say they want accuracy and impartiality, but the polls suggest that, actually, most of us are seeking affirmation.»^[278]

Awards

The New York Times has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper. The prize is awarded for excellence in journalism in a range of categories.^[279]

It has also, as of 2014, won three Peabody Awards and jointly received two.^[280] Peabody Awards are given for accomplishments in television, radio, and online media.

See also

• List of New York City newspapers and magazines
• List of The New York Times employees
• The New York Times Best Seller list
• The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge
• New York Times Index

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

• Davis, Elmer Holmes (1921). History of the New York Times, 1851–1921. The New York Times.
• Schwarz, Daniel R. (January 2, 2014). End Times? Crises and Turmoil at The New York Times, 1999–2009. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-3896-2. OCLC 802059662.
• Salisbury, Harrison E. (1980). Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times (First ed.). New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-0885-5.
• Taylor, S. J. (March 29, 1990). Stalin’s Apologist: Walter Duranty: The New York Times’s Man in Moscow (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505700-3.

External links